The Fifth Sunday of the Epiphany Season
Also known as Septuagesima Sunday February 05, 2023
The Omniscience of Jesus
Across the centuries the season of the Church year in which we find ourselves, Epiphany (a Greek term
meaning“to reveal” or “to make manifest”), has traditionally drawn believers’ attention to Biblical accounts which record some of the ways in which Jesus manifested (that is, showed) Himself on earth as the Promised Messiah Who was truly God and truly human, and the Savior of the world.
This morning we are concluding a three week Epiphany “mini sermon series” on three divine “attributes” (or characteristics) of Jesus which He manifested during His first coming: His omnipotence, His omnipresence and His omniscience. Those “omni” terms (each taken from the Latin language) refer, respectively, to the fact that Jesus is: 1) All-powerful; 2) All-present; and 3) All-knowing……characteristics which only God can possess. Since Jesus does possess those qualities, as the previous two Sundays’, as well as this morning’s Scripture readings will affirm, we can conclude correctly that He is the Christ, and is the eternal True God. And so we can safely place our trust in our omniscient Savior for the forgiveness of all our sins, His protection and guidance in this life, and for our eternal salvation in heaven.
Today’s Scripture Lessons
In today’s Psalm we are encouraged to praise the LORD for His many blessings to us, for His great power, and for His limitless understanding of us.
In our Epistle Lesson the Apostle John reminds his readers that God knows everything about us.
Luke, in today’s Second Lesson says about Jesus that He knew everything about people, being able to read their hearts.
Next, in this morning’s Gospel Lesson we’ll be listening to Peter’s confession before Christ that He (Jesus) knew everything – including thow much he (Peter) truly did love Jesus.
The writer to the Hebrews also speaks about Jesus’ omniscience in the words that serve as our Children’s Lesson.
And, finally, in today’s Sermon Text David, in Psalm 139, acknowledges the LORD’s omniscience through His thorough and absolute knowledge of every detail of his life and our lives also.
What Do the Scriptures Teach About God’s Omniscience?
The theological term “Omniscience” can be defined as “the divine characteristic of having total knowledge, God’s attribute of knowing everything.” Another definition for omniscience could be ‘the attribute of God whereby He fully knows Himself and all things, actual and possible, in one simple and eternal act. Because omniscience means “ ‘all knowing,” it is a characteristic that can only be true of the infinite God Himself, Who alone possesses infinite knowledge. God’s omniscience is grounded in His additional characteristics of being omnipresent (present everywhere) and omnipotent (all-powerful). God’s omniscience is crucial to His role of governing and sustaining the universe, as well as in being the Judge of the world. (Psalm 147:4-5; Isaiah 40:26; Isaiah 42:9; Ezekiel 11:5; Romans 11:33-36; Hebrews 4:13; Deuteronomy 31:21; I Chronicles 28:9: Job 31:4: Proverbs 15:11; and Luke 16:15).
For God to be THE sovereign authority over the entirety of His creation, whether things visible or invisible, He has to be all-knowing. God’s Word also teaches us that the omniscience of God is not restricted to any one person in the Godhead. Rather, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are all, by their nature, co-equally omniscient.
Scripture makes it abundantly clear that, as the one, true God, the Second Person of the Trinity – Jesus — knows everything (1 John 3:20; John 2:24,25; John 16:10; John 21:17; Revelation 2:23). The LORD not only knows the minutest details of our lives, but every detail about everyone and everything around us. In His Sermon on the Mount, Jesus mentions that the LORD even knows when a sparrow falls or when we lose a single hair (Matthew 6:29-30). The knowledge that God possesses is not restricted or limited in any way whatsoever. It is absolute and all-encompassing. Not only does He know everything that has happened and that will occur until the end of history itself (Isaiah 46:9-10), on a personal level He also knows our very thoughts, even before we speak, act, or determine in our hearts and heads what we are going to feel, say or do (Psalm 139:4). Solomon expressed this truth perfectly when he said, “You alone know the heart of every human being” (1 Kings 8:39). Just think about this: before you and I were born, before we even were conceived, the LORD foresaw us in our mothers’ wombs and knew everything about us, and the lives that we would live before Him (Psalm 139:1-3, 15-16).
As the Second Person of the Trinity, God the Son voluntarily humbled Himself when He became incarnate (took upon Himself our full humanity for the purpose of securing our salvation). In so doing, He condescended to empty Himself….that is, He did not take full advantage of all His divine attributes, including His omniscience – which He retained as both fully human and fully God – while He lived here on earth. Instead, as the Holy Spirit inspired Paul to write in Philippians 2:7, “He made Himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant. And being found in human likeness, He humbled Himself and became obedient unto death, even death on a cross.”
Throughout the New Testament – particularly in the Gospels, which chronicle His incarnation and ministry of redemption, Jesus’ omniscience is affirmed many times. For example, in the prayer the Apostles offered before replacing Judas in Acts 1:24, they declared, “Lord, You know everyone’s heart” – implying that Jesus is omniscient……which is necessary if He is going to be able to receive and act on our petitions, interceding at the Father’s right hand on our behalf. In a number of accounts from the Gospels, the inspired writers indicate that our Savior knew the thoughts and hearts of His audience (Matthew 9:4; 12:25; 22:13; Mark 2:6-8; Luke5:21-22; 6:8; 9:46-47; 11:17 …. among others). Jesus knew when He was going to leave this world, and how it would happen (Matthew 16:21; John 12:33; 13:1). He also knew all the intimate details about people’s lives before He ever met them face to face. An excellent example of this occurred when He met the Samaritan woman gathering water at the well of Sychar. Christ said to her, “In fact, you have had five husbands, and the man you have not is not your husband.” (John 4:18). She was stunned. He was absolutely spot-on in His knowledge of her (John 4:29). On another occasion He told His disciples that their friend Lazarus was dead, even though they were over 25 miles away from Lazarus’s home (John 11:11-15). He knew who was going to betray Him (Matthew 26:21-25; John 6:6; 13:11) and that His disciples would desert Him when He was arrested (Matthew 26:31-35). In addition, on Thursday of Holy Week Jesus advised two disciples to go into the city and make preparation for celebrating the Passover. He described the person they were to meet on the streets of Jerusalem, directing them to follow Him into a house and up to a large room that was furnished and ready for them (Mark 14:13-15). It happened for them just like Jesus – in advance – had said. And, finally, before He met him face to face, Jesus not only knew Nathanael by name, but also knew what was in that disciple’s heart (John 1:47-49).
These and many other portions of Scripture speak about Jesus’ omniscience, affirming that He possesses this attribute that belongs only to God….because He is God. However, the New Testament also presents us with a challenging paradox: Jesus knows everything, but there are certain things that He did not know. For example, Jesus asked people questions. That indicated His need to acquire knowledge (although our LORD often asked questions for the benefit of His audience, rather than for Himself). There were many cases and situations during His period of humiliation when Jesus chose to restrict the use of His omniscience, such as when He was a boy of twelve in the Temple, asking the Jewish teachers questions. He wanted to and needed to learn from them. Immediately afterward Luke writes about Jesus that as a young man He “grew in wisdom and stature” (Luke 2:52). The writer to the Hebrews tells us that He learned “obedience through suffering” (Hebrews 5:8). And in Matthew 24:34-36 (see also Mark 13:32) Jesus made it clear that He did not know when the world would be brought to an end. So, how can we say that Jesus is omniscient – some ask – when He asked people questions, and when He did not know when the world would end? The best, Biblically-faithful answer we can offer is that, during His period of humiliation, Jesus voluntarily surrendered the complete use of this aspect of His deity. He simply chose not to know certain things, including when the world would end, because knowing everything was not requisite to His redemptive mission. This was a self-controlled lack of knowledge on His part….a self-willed act of humility by which He was able to share fully in our own human nature (Philippians 2:6-11; Hebrews 2:17) in order to be the all-sufficient Substitute in His humanity, in His righteousness and in His sacrifice for us.
Our faith in our Omnipotent Savior-God enables us to rest securely in His care, regardless of the situations that we encounter in life. Because of His omniscience, we can be confident that whatever we encounter, our LORD knows what is best for us. We also know that the plans He has for us and the promises He has made to us will never fail to work out for our earthly and eternal good…..so long as we continue to love and trust in Him (Romans 8:28).
Finally, Jesus has known you personally and intimately, from all eternity – well before your conception, and so before the world’s creation. Your God knew everything about you. He knew when you would appear in time, and with whom you would interact. He knew where you would live. He knew what your life would be like. And He knows when you will die (and how). He also foresaw all of your sin, in all of its ugliness and depravity. In spite of that, in love for you from eternity He chose to bring You to saving faith in Him. In time, through the working of the Holy Spirit in the Means of Grace (God’s Word and the Sacraments), you were brought to faith (I Corinthians 12:3) and have been kept in the one true faith – making you an heir of everlasting life in heaven, by God’s grace (Ephesians 1:3-6).
When we get to heaven you and I will have a thorough understanding of Him and His will for us (I Corinthians 13:12). Even there, however, our restored, perfect knowledge will never be so complete that we will also be omniscient – like the LORD is. Nevertheless, our awe, love and service to Him will extend for all eternity as we bask in the warmth of His heavenly love, and as we praise Him endlessly as our omniscient Savior-God.
Today’s Place on the Church Calendar
With today’s service we find ourselves heading into what is technically the final portion of the “Epiphany” season; it is also referred to as “Pre-Lent.” It’s the Church’s traditional three Sunday “waiting” period during which Christians begin their “count-down” toward the more intense penitential and preparatory season of Lent. By tradition, the first of those three “pre-lent” Sundays (today) has been given the ancient Latin name “Septuagesima.” It’s a term which means “70,” and symbolizes the 70 years of captivity in Babylon (606 to 536 B.C.) during which the Jews waited for the LORD’s eventual deliverance.
As we think of the Jews enduring 70 years of bondage in Babylon – as the Lord’s discipline for their rejection of Him – we’ll want to reflect upon our own bondage to sin, our need for deliverance from the curse of our own sins, and the grace of God freely given us through the redeeming work of Christ for us….so that, through faith in Him, we might one day live forever with our Lord in the “Promised Land” of heaven.
Starting with this “Seputagesima Sunday” we are beginning a long journey that will culminate in our Savior’s death for all sin on Good Friday and His resurrection for our salvation on Easter Sunday. As we start out, then, on this road to Jerusalem, we will travel, via Scripture, the path of spiritual discipline, self-denial, and sacrifice which our Savior once trod. And through this journey may every one of us learn to appreciate, even more than we do now, the grace of God for undeserving sinners such as we are, secured for us entirely through the merits, sufferings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ our Lord and Savior.
It is that grace of God for undeserving sinners — such as we are — through the merits, sufferings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ our Lord and Savior to which we specifically turn our attention in the hymns and portions of Scripture which constitute today’s worship service.
Pre-Service Prayer –
Lord, open now, my heart to hear And through Your Word to me, draw near;
Let me Your Word e’er pure retain, Let me Your child and heir remain.
Your Word does deeply move the heart, Your Word does perfect health impart,
Your Word my soul with joy does bless, Your Word brings peace and happiness. Amen.
The portions of God’s Word used in this worship flyer have been taken from The Holy Bible, Evangelical Heritage Version Copyright 2019, The Wartburg Project, Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission Music and lyrics, as needed, are used with permission via OneLicense.net #A712831
The Order of Holy Communion
Silent Prayer Pre-service music
The Introduction and Welcome to Worship
We Praise Our God
At the Pastor’s invitation, the Congregation will rise for
The Invocation
Pastor We begin this service in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Our Psalm Reading for Today Psalm 147, selected verses
P: Praise the LORD!
- How good it is to sing praises to our God, + how pleasant and fitting to praise Him!
P: The LORD…heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds.
C: He determines the number of the stars + and calls them each by name.
P: Great is our Lord and mighty in power. His understanding knows no limit.
C: The LORD sustains the humble + but casts t he wicked to the ground.
P: Sing to the LORD with thanksgiving; make music to our God on the harp.
C: He covers the sky with clouds;
P: He supplies the earth with rain and makes grass grow on the hills.
- He provides food for the cattle + and for the young ravens when they call.
- His pleasure is not in the strength of the horse, nor His delight in the legs of a man.
C: the LORD delights in those who fear Him, + who have put their hope in His unfailing love.
P: Extol the LORD, O Jerusalem; praise your God, O Zion.
C: Praise the LORD!
After which the Congregation may be seated for
- The Opening Hymn “God the Father, Gracious Lord”
To the tune of “Come You Thankful People, Come” meter: 7777D
God the Father, gracious Lord, May Your name be e’er adored.
All exists by Your command In the sky or sea or land.
Precious Father, You know all – When each hair and sparrow fall.
Guide and guard me from all harm With Your strong, protecting arm.
Jesus Christ, my Lord, God’s Son, Who, for me, salvation won –
You Who hung on Calvary Bore my sins and set me free!
You, my ever-faithful Friend, Who will love me to the end,
By Your grace in heav’n I’ll live. Heart-felt praise to You I give.
Holy Spirit, Light Divine, Through the Means of Grace, please shine
In my heart again today, Drive sin’s darkness far away.
Keep me in Your Word, so true, Day by day my faith renew.
Use me, Lord, as You know best Serving here – in heav’n to rest.
Blessed Holy Trinity, Glorious in Your majesty,
Father, Spirit and the Son – Savior-God, the Three-in-One –
From sin’s curse You set me free Heaven’s mine – eternally.
All I am, to You I owe, Source from Whom all blessings flow. Amen.
After which the Pastor will invite the Congregation to rise as
We Make Confession Of Our Sins To God
Pastor God, our Heavenly Father, invites us to come into His presence and to worship Him with humble and penitent hearts. Therefore, let us now turn to Him, acknowledging our sinfulness and seeking His forgiveness for all our sins.
Congregation Holy and merciful Father, I confess that I am by nature sinful and that I have disobeyed You in my
thoughts, words, and actions; I have done what is evil in Your sight and have failed to do what is good. For this I know that I deserve Your punishment, both now and for eternity. But I am truly sorry for all my sins and trusting in the perfect life and innocent death of my Savior, Jesus Christ, I plead: God have mercy on me, a sinner.
(Sung) Lord have mercy on us;
Christ have mercy on us;
Lord, have mercy on us.
Pastor Our gracious Lord and Master has shown us His mercy: He has given His one and only Son to save us from all our sins. And now, having humbly and sincerely confessed your sins before Almighty God, be
strengthened in your faith, mindful that our Lord is not willing that anyone should perish eternally, but that everyone should come to repentance, turning from their evil ways and receiving from Him everlasting life. God has commanded His ministers to declare His forgiveness of sins to all who are penitent. Therefore, addressing you as a called servant of Christ, and according to His command and under His authority, I forgive you all your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen. May the peace of God rest upon all of you. Amen.
(Sung) Glory be to God on high and on earth peace good will to men.
We praise You, we bless You, we worship You.
We glorify You, we give thanks to You for Your great glory.
O Lord God heavenly King, God the Father almighty. O Lord, the only begotten Son, Jesus Christ,
O Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, You take away the sin of the world. Have mercy on us.
You take away the sin of the world. Receive our prayer. You sit at the right hand of God the Father.
Have mercy on us. For You only are holy. You only are the Lord.
You only, O Christ, with the Holy Spirit. Are most high in the glory of God the Father. Amen
after which the Congregation may be seated
We Hear God’s Word
- The Epistle Lesson I John 3:16-24
16 This is how we have come to know love: Jesus laid down His life for us. And we also should lay down our lives for our brothers. 17 Whoever has worldly wealth and sees his brother in need but closes his heart against him—how can God’s love remain in him? 18 Dear children, let us love not only with word or with our tongue, but also in action and truth. 19 This is how we know that we are of the truth and how we will set our hearts at rest in his presence: 20 If our hearts condemn us, God is greater than our hearts, and He knows everything. 21 Dear friends, if our hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence before God. 22 We also receive from Him whatever we ask, because we keep His commands and do what is pleasing in His sight. 23 This then is his command: that we believe in the name of His Son, Jesus Christ, and that we love one another just as He commanded us. 24 The one who keeps His commands remains in God and God in him. This is how we know that He remains in us: We know it from the Spirit, Whom He has given to us.
- The Second Lesson John 2:13-25
13 The Jewish Passover was near, so Jesus went up to Jerusalem. 14 In the temple courts He found people selling cattle, sheep, and doves, and money changers sitting at tables. 15 He made a whip of cords and drove everyone out of the temple courts, along with the sheep and oxen. He scattered the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables. 16 To those selling doves He said, “Get these things out of here! Stop turning My Father’s house into a place of business!” 17 His disciples remembered that it was written, “Zeal for Your house will consume Me.” 18 So the Jews responded, “What sign are You going to show us to prove You can do these things?” 19 Jesus answered them, “Destroy this Temple, and in three days I will raise It up again.” 20 The Jews said, “It took forty-six years to build this temple! And You are going to raise it in three days?” 21 But Jesus was speaking about the Temple of His body. 22 When Jesus was raised from the dead, His disciples remembered that He had said this. Then they believed the Scripture and what Jesus had said. 23 While He was in Jerusalem for the Passover Festival, many believed in His name as they observed the miraculous signs He was doing. 24 But Jesus, on His part, was not entrusting Himself to them, because He knew them all. 25 He did not need anyone to testify about man, because He Himself knew what was in man.
After which the Congregation will rise out of respect for the words of Jesus
- The Gospel Lesson John 21:15-17
15 When they had eaten breakfast, Jesus asked Simon Peter, “Simon, son of John, do you love Me more than these?” “Yes, Lord,” he said, “You know that I care about You.” Jesus told him, “Feed My lambs.”
16 A second time Jesus asked him, “Simon, son of John, do you love Me?” He said, “Yes, Lord, You know that I care about You.” Jesus told him, “Be a shepherd for My sheep.”
17 He asked him the third time, “Simon, son of John, do you care about Me?” Peter was grieved because Jesus asked him the third time, “Do you care about Me?” He answered, “Lord, You know all things. You know that I care about You.” “Feed My sheep,” Jesus said.
The Nicene Creed
- I believe in One God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of His Father before all worlds, God of God, Light of Light. Very God of Very God. Begotten, not made. Being of one substance with the Father, By Whom all things were made; Who for us men and for our salvation, came down from heaven And was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary And was made man; And was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried; And the third day He rose again according to the Scriptures; And ascended into heaven, And sitteth on the right hand of the Father; And He shall come again with glory, to judge both the quick and the dead; Whose Kingdom shall have no end. And I believe in the Holy Ghost, The Lord and Giver of Life, Who proceedeth from the Father and the Son, Who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified, Who spake by the Prophets. And I believe one holy Christian and Apostolic Church. I acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins, And I look for the resurrection of the dead, And the life of the world to come.
after which the Congregation will be seated for
- The Children’s Lesson Hebrews 4:13
And there is no creature hidden from Him, but everything is uncovered and exposed to the eyes of Him to Whom
we will give an account.
His Eyes Are Watching You
- The Sermon Hymn “His Eye Is On The Sparrow”
Why should I feel discouraged, Why should the shadows come,
Why should my heart be lonely, And long for heav’n and home,
When Jesus is my portion, My constant Friend is He;
His eye is on the sparrow, And I know He watches me.
Chorus:
I sing because I’m happy, I sing because I’m free;
For His eye is on the sparrow, And I know He watches me.
“Let not your heart be troubled,” His tender word I hear,
And resting on His goodness, I lose my doubts and fears,
Tho’ by the path He leadeth, But one step I may see;
His eye is on the sparrow, And I know He watches me.
Chorus:
Whenever I am tempted, Whenever clouds arise,
When song gives place to sighing, When hope within me dies,
I draw the closer to Him; From care He sets me free;
His eye is on the sparrow, And I know He watches me.
Chorus:
The Greeting
Grace and peace be yours in abundance through the knowledge of God, and of our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.
- The Sermon Text Psalm 139:1-6
1 Lord, You have investigated me, and You know. 2 You know when I sit down and when I get up. You understand my thoughts from far off. 3 You keep track of when I travel and when I stay, and You are familiar with all my ways. 4 Before there is a word on my tongue, You, Lord, already know it completely. 5 You put a fence behind me and in front of me, and You have placed Your hand on me. 6 Such knowledge is too wonderful for me. It is too high—I cannot grasp it.
He Really Does Know Everything!
The Post-Sermon Blessing
May our Lord Jesus Christ Himself, and God our Father, Who loved us and by His grace gave us eternal encouragement and good hope, encourage your hearts and strengthen you in every good deed and word. Amen.
- The Post-Sermon Hymn “Search Me, O God”
Search me O God and know my heart I pray Try me, O Savior, know my thoughts I pray
See if there be some wicked way in me Cleanse me from ev’ry sin and set me free.
Lord, take my heart and make it wholly Thine, Fill my poor soul with Thy great love divine.
Take all I have, my passion, self and pride, Now and forever, Lord with me abide. Amen.
We Offer Our Gifts to the Lord
Our Offerings of Love to our Lord
Offerings will be received this morning through offering plates passed among those gathered here for worship.
However, for those viewing this service online, we offer you the following suggestions for providing God with Your thank-offerings through our ministry:
1) You can mail a check (no cash) to the church address (415 N. 6th Place, Lowell, AR 72745)
2) You can donate on our website: www.gracelutherannwa.com
the Congregation will please rise as the offerings are brought to the altar
-
We Offer Our Prayers to the Lord
Today’s Prayers
Included in our Prayers today:
A Prayer of Thanksgiving on behalf of
Linda and Jim Winnat, who will be celebrating their wedding anniversary tomorrow; and
Janice and Steve Davis, whose anniversary is Saturday
The Lord’s Our Father, Who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy name; kingdom come; Thy will be done on earth
Prayer as it is in heaven; Give us this day our daily bread; And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us; And lead us not into temptation; But deliver us from evil; For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever and ever. Amen.
We Celebrate the Lord’s Supper
Pastor – The Lord be with you.
Congregation (Sung) And also with You
Pastor – Lift up your hearts.
Congregation (Sung) We lift them up unto the Lord
Pastor – Let us give thanks unto the Lord, our God.
Congregation (Sung) It is good and right so to do.
Pastor – It is truly good and right that we should at all times and in all places give thanks to You, O Lord, holy Father, almighty, everlasting God, through Jesus Christ our Lord, and we praise You especially for
the glorious resurrection of Your Son, the true Passover Lamb, Who lived among us as a human being and revealed His glory as Your only Son, full of grace and truth. Therefore with angels and archangel, and all the company of heaven, we praise Your holy name and join their glorious song:
(Sung) Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God of heavenly hosts.
Heaven and earth are full of Your glory
Hosanna, Hosanna, Hosanna in the highest.
Blessed is He, Blessed is He, Blessed is He
Who comes in the name of the Lord.
Hosanna, Hosanna, Hosanna in the highest.
Consecration of the Elements
Pastor – The peace of the Lord be with you always.
Congregation – (Sung) Amen.
O Christ, Lamb of God, You take away the sin of the world; Have mercy on us.
O Christ, Lamb of God, You take away the sin of the world; Have mercy on us.
O Christ, Lamb of God, You take away the sin of the world; Grant us peace. Amen.
The Exhortation Regarding the Lord’s Supper (Pastor)
- (Please read the following if you have not spoken with
- our Pastor about taking communion. Thank you.)
TO OUR GUESTS AND FRIENDS
- We ask that only “Confirmed, Communicant” members of this congregation, or of one of our Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod congregations come forward to receive the Lord’s Supper at this time.
We believe, according to Scripture, that only those who are “one,” that is, in complete doctrinal agreement, united in a common public confession of faith, are to commune together at the same altar (see I Corinthians 10:17 and I Corinthians 1:10).
To be “in communion” means to share and to hold in common. By eating and drinking at our Lord’s Table, we are not only sharing in, with, and under the bread and wine, Jesus’ very body and blood…we are also publicly declaring that we hold in common a specific confession of faith. In other words, as a result of having comprehensively studied the Scriptures together all of our communicants have agreed to accept and proclaim the same Biblical doctrines and practices.
Through membership in a particular church body (for us, that church body is the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod), each person makes a public statement that he/she is in full agreement with the teachings and practices of that body. Because not every church body or Lutheran Synod teaches and practices the same things, we in the WELS want to be honest in our recognition of the doctrinal differences that, here on earth, separate us from other church bodies. Please bear in mind that we are not, in any way, judging the legitimacy of your Christian faith. Still, we ask that if you have not (upon study of the Word with us) declared yourself to be in full doctrinal agreement with us, you would respectfully not join us in the Lord’s Supper this morning.
It is our prayer that our Scripture-based practice of “Close Communion” will encourage anyone among us today who is not presently in full fellowship with us to seriously examine the teachings and practices of his/her church in order to determine if those teachings and practices are really in full agreement with God’s Word.
And if you are guest among us today, we want you to know that it is our earnest desire that you might become familiar with the Biblical doctrines our congregation confesses, in order that you might one day join with us at the Lord’s altar in this public expression of full unity of doctrine and practice. Until then, please know that we are most grateful for your participation as a fellow Christian in this worship service, and that we appreciate your understanding and respect of our Communion practice.
The Distribution of the Sacrament
- Distribution Hymn Hymn 310 “I Come, O Savior, To Your Table“
verses 1-5
verses 6-10
verses 11-15
- I come, O Savior, to Your table, For weak and weary is my soul;
O Jesus You alone are able To satisfy and make me whole:
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- Oh, grant that I in manner worthy May now trust solely in Your Word
And, conscious of the sins before me, Look only unto You, O Lord!
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- Unworthy though I am, O Savior, Because I have a sinful heart,
Yet You Your lamb will banish never, Nor will Your faithfulness depart.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- Oh, let me loathe all sin forever As death and poison to my soul
That I through willful sinning never May see Your judgment take its toll!
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- Your heart is filled with fervent yearning That sinners may salvation see
Who, Lord, to You in faith are turning; So let me too come trustingly.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- Weary am I and heavy laden, With sin my soul is sore oppressed;
Receive me graciously and gladden My heart, for I am now Your guest.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- You here will find a heart most lowly That feels unworthy in Your sight,
That duly weeps o’er sin, yet solely Your merit pleads, as it is right.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- By faith I call Your holy table The testament of Your deep love;
For by Your gift I now am able To know the heart of God above.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- What higher gift can we inherit? It is faith’s bond and solid base;
It is the strength of heart and spirit, The covenant of hope and grace.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
10.This feast is manna, wealth abounding Unto the poor, to weak ones power,
To angels joy, to hell confounding, And life for me in death’s dark hour.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
11.Your body, giv’n for me, O Savior, Your blood which You for me did shed,
These are my life and strength forever, By them my hungry soul is fed.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
12.With You, Lord, I am now united; I live in You and You in me.
No sorrow fills my soul, delighted It finds its peace on Calvary.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
13.Who can condemn me now? For surely The Lord is near, who justifies.
No hell I fear, and thus securely With Jesus I to Heaven rise.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
- Though death may threaten with disaster, It cannot rob me of my cheer;
For He Who is of death the Master, With help and strength is always near.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
15.My heart has now become Your dwelling, O blessèd, holy Trinity.
With angels I, Your praises telling, Shall live in joy eternally.
Lord, may Your body and Your blood Be for my soul the highest good!
After the Sacrament is celebrated, the pastor will invite the Congregation to rise
We Leave With The Lord’s Blessing
The Closing Prayer
The Closing Blessing
The LORD bless you and keep you.
The LORD make His face to shine upon you and be gracious unto you.
The LORD look with favor upon you, and give you His peace. Amen.
- The Closing Hymn Hymn 323 “Almighty Father, Bless The Word”
1 Almighty Father, bless the Word Which through Your grace we now have heard.
Oh, may the precious seed take root, Spring up, and bear abundant fruit!
2 We praise You for the means of grace As homeward now our steps we trace.
Grant, Lord, that we who worshiped here May all at last in heav’n appear.
Announcements, Post-service music, Silent Prayer
Announcements
This Coming Week at Grace Lutheran Church
Today Morning Worship with the Lord’s Supper, 9:30 a.m.
Sunday School/Bible Class, 11:05
Youth Confirmation Class, 12:15 to 1:30 p.m.
Monday Church Secretary in the Office, 10 a.m. to mid-afternoon
Pastor out of town for Pastors’ Conference in Iowa
Tuesday NO Morning Bible Class, (see above)
Wednesday Evening Bible Classes, 6-7 p.m.
Saturday Outreach Visits, 10 a.m.
Sunday Morning Worship, 9:30 a.m,
Fellowship, 10:40am Bible Class/Sunday School 11:05am
Pot Luck Dinner, after Bible Class
Last Week At Grace: Sunday Worship Attendance: 57 (18 online)
Bible Class Attendance: 24 (8 online) Budgetary Offerings: $ 2997 Online Budget Offerings: $ 310.50 Capital Improvement: $10
Serving Us Next Sunday Elders: Steve Stone, Rick Tragasz
Altar Guild: Christine Quinlan, Linda Winnat
Ushers: James Boatright, Jim Taylor, Jim Winnat
Birthdays/Anniversary This Week: Feb 05 – Shelby Bruns; Feb 06 – Linda & Jim Winnat;
Feb 08 – Kasey Schroeder Feb 10 – Janice & Steve Davis
Midweek Lent Worship Services Notice – Our midweek Lenten worship services will start in just over two weeks. This year Ash Wednesday will be on February 22nd. As we’ve done in the past, this year we’ll also be holding “Lenten Suppers” each Wednesday evening through-out Lent. They’ll begin at 6 p.m. Our worship services will begin at 7:00 p.m. On Ash Wednesday we’ll also celebrate the Lord’s Supper. Please plan to join us for all of these special services. Also, please bring a non-churched friend with you to share in these services.
Sunday School Teaching Volunteers Needed!!! Have you ever taught Sunday School? Have you ever wanted to learn how, or to help out….even if only on a part-time basis? Our Sunday school needs 4 “full-time teachers” (where 2 persons would “team teach” a class on an alternating basis). We could also use 2 substitute teachers to fill in as needed. So, if you have the ability, experience, or interest to teach, PLEASE prayerfully consider serving our Lord as part of our Sunday School program. For more information, please speak with Pastor.
Bible Classes This Week – In Adult Bible Class today we’ll continue to study the parables of Jesus. This morning, we’ll consider the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant (Matthew 18:21-35). We will not have Bible class on Tuesday morning, because Pastor Huebner will be participating in a Pastors’ Conference Tuesday (as well as Monday) in Des Moines, Iowa. On Wednesday (from 6-7 pm) our women’s class is studying Hosea, while our men’s class is studying the topic of Suicide.
POT LUCK DINNER NEXT SUNDAY – FEBRUARY 12, 2022
Grace Lutheran Church
Adult Bible Study, 2023
The Parables of our Lord
Divine Truths From Real Life Stories
The Role And Interpretation Of Parables
What is a parable?
Definition of a parable
It is…….
– not a fable
– not a myth
– not a proverb
– A parable, by common definition, is an aid for teaching.
Many of us also have learned this definition: “A parable is an earthly story with a heavenly meaning.”
Look up the following Scripture references. In what way were parables effective in the given situations?
* Luke 20:1-19
* 2 Samuel 12:1-8
* Luke 14:25-33
How Jesus Used Parables
Look up Matthew 13:31,32. There’s no explanation of what this short parable means. Why did Jesus often speak in parables rather than simply stating the facts?
- Jesus used parables not to mask the truth, but to cause His hearers to search for it.
- Parables are more interesting than “abstract” theological discussions. They are also easier for people to relate to, and to remember.
- Jesus used parables in discourse with His enemies so that they would have no clear statements from Him to use against Him. Look up Mark 4:10-12.
- For those who were hardened in their refusal to acknowledge the truth of Jesus’ message and identity, parables served to hide the truth from them and act as a judgment against them. Look up Matthew 21:43-46. Who is Jesus addressing here? (see v.23) What is He clearly saying to them? Why did He use a parable to make this point?
The Gospel of John has no parables. Mark has only one that is unique to his book. The majority of our parables, then, come from Luke’s and Matthew’s Gospels. A few are also found in the Old Testament.
The Interpretation Of Parables
The following principles should guide us as we seek to interpret the parables of Jesus:
- The parables are not merely charming little stories about the “way things always are.” They explain ways in which God operates, or ways in which He expects His followers to live for Him. Matthew 13:11 tells us that parables explain certain aspects of the Kingdom of God to us; namely, God’s just and gracious dealings with sinful man. Also, keep in mind the main thought or leading idea of the parable as given by Christ himself, or the context.
- Always pay careful attention to the immediate context of the parable.Parables typically answer a question or address a particular situation that its hearers are facing. What prompted Jesus to speak the parables offered in the following references?
- Luke 7:41-50
- Matthew 12:29
- Luke 10:25-37
- All the features of the parable are subordinate to the leading idea. The interpretation of details must fit the main thrust of the story. Consequently, not every part of a parable needs to be interpreted. Some parts simply supplement the story. The parable itself should be studied along with the context to determine what is the one main point at issue (this is often called the “tertium”). For example in Luke 18:1-8, what might you conclude about God if you focused primarily on the description of the judge? What, however, is clearly the main point of this parable?
- Parables are not to be used to establish doctrine. Parables support other clear doctrinal passages.
- Finally, the interpreter should be familiar with the history, geography, culture and customs of Bible times to properly interpret the parables. Familiarity with Jewish marriage customs, the practice of wine making, the art of farming in ancient Israel, etc. will help us to better understand the parables.
Parables: Divine Truths From Real Life Stories
Section One: The Work And Worth Of The Gospel
(The sower & the seed; the weeds;
the mustard seed and yeast; the hidden treasure/pearl)
Section Two: God’s Great Expectations
(The two debtors; the lost sheep; the unmerciful servant;
the good Samaritan; the tower builder & warring king;
the shrewd manager; the unworthy servants; the 10 minas)
Section Three: By Grace Alone; By Faith Alone
(The searching shepherd/woman/father; the persistent friend;
the pharisee and the publican; the laborers in the vineyard)
Section Four: Preparation For Judgment
(The rich fool; the narrow door; the seats at a wedding feast;
the great banquet; the wedding banquet; the net;
foolish & wise virgins; the tenants)
Section Five: Miscellaneous and Lesser-Known Parables
(The Parable of The Patched Garment And The Wineskins; Children In The Marketplace;
Parables Proving The Person Of Christ; The Empty House; The Owner of the House; Clean and Unclean; Lost Sheep and Dogs; The Yeast of the Pharisees; The Rock and the Keys; The Lamp of the Body;
The Fruitless Fig Tree; The Wise and Foolish Builders)
Section One: The Work and Worth of the Gospel
The Sower, The Seed, And The Soils
(Matthew 13:3-23; Mark 4:2-20; Luke 8:4-15)
To understand this parable, note that farmers in Jesus’ day simply broadcast the seed on untilled ground and then scratched the seed into the soil with a crude plow. A footpath of soil hardened by foot traffic, often ran around the perimeter of the field.
This parable and others seek to explain the nature of and operation of the “Kingdom of God” or “The Kingdom of Heaven”. What do these passages tell us about God’s kingdom?
- Luke 17:20,21
- John 18:36,37
- Romans 14:17
We define “God’s Kingdom” as his gracious rule in our hearts through his Word.
What four results followed the farmer’s sowing of his field? (Mark 4:2-8)
Read Mark 4:10-12. For Jesus’ enemies, what purpose did these parables serve? What “secret” did the disciples know that enables them to understand the parables?
In verses 13-20, Jesus explains this parable to his disciples. In the first case, Satan takes away the word before it has a chance to sink in. Give examples of how the devil can take the Word away.
In the second case, why would someone “receive it [the Word] with joy, but have no root”? What are some of the issues/things in life that, spiritually-speaking, cause a shallow root system that, in turn, leads to the rather rapid death of a faith that initially seems to thrive?
Agree or Disagree……..A person like this person never had genuine faith in the first place.
In the third case, explain how worries and mixed-up priorities can choke out God’s Word in human hearts.
In the last case, what does Jesus mean when he says that the Word produces different amounts of fruit in people’s lives? Why is it dangerous to assume that all believers should produce the same amount of fruit in their lives?
This parable not only speaks to four types of hearers, but describes each of us individually as well. In what way is that true?
Our mission purpose, as a Christian Church, is to make and maintain disciples of Christ. How does a proper interpretation of this parable help us understand what we are to do?
The Growing Seed (Mark 4:26-29)
On the basis of the previous parable, should we assume that some people are to receive credit for their salvation because they were “good soil” and accepted the Word whereas others rejected it? This parable shows us that the life that comes from a seed of grain, and spiritual life that comes from the seed of God’s Word, are both mysteries.
What warning can we take from this parable when we are tempted to tamper with or dress up God’s Word to make it more appealing to human hearts?
What comfort can we take from this parable as we seek to sow God’s Word in human hearts with sometimes fumbling efforts or little outward “success”?
The Weeds (Matthew 13:24-30; 36-43)
Jesus uses another familiar illustration from the agricultural world. How did Jesus explain this parable? (vv.36-43)
Why is it dangerous to say, “We’re going to get rid of all those people in our congregation who act like unbelievers”?
How does this parable help us to understand and deal with the disturbing fact that there are hypocrites even in Christian congregations?
Often we wonder “why” things in this world are so evil. Verse 28 gives a succinct answer……
The Mustard Seed and the Yeast (Matthew 13:31-35)
The mustard plant here pictured is not the 18 inch plant that grows in our garden. The oriental mustard plant can reach the height of a tree one year from planting (J. Dwight Pentecost, in his book The Parables Of Jesus, claims that he has a picture of a one-year-old mustard tree, 32 feet high!)
Knowing Satan’s opposition to God’s kingdom, an understandable question is “What will become of God’s kingdom if Satan so vigorously seeks to destroy it?” How does this parable answer that question?
The Bible speaks of the Gospel as something considered by many to be “foolishness”, “weak”, and “lowly” (1 Corinthians 1:27,28). For example, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper are regarded by many as mere rituals or symbols. When we speak about these Sacraments as “Means of Grace” through which God powerfully works, we are often met with skepticism and even ridicule. What evidence do we have, however, that these things are not as weak as they seem?
The parable of the Yeast in the dough focuses in on the way in which the Gospel works, which is similar to the working of yeast amid dough. Yeast works internally, and yet its work is all-pervasive and is readily observable.
How does this parable speak to the person who assumes (or presumes), “I can love however I want, as long as I believe”?
The Hidden Treasure And The Pearl of Great Price
(Matthew 13:44,45)
It was not uncommon for people in Bible times to bury part of their wealth as a means of keeping it secure in times of war or political unrest. People in ancient times placed an unusually high value on pearls, similar to how we might value gold, diamonds, or other precious gems today.
Does this parable teach that God’s kingdom is something that we obtain by giving up other things? (See Isaiah 55:1,2)
Does this parable teach us to hoarde the Gospel once we find it? (Mark 16:15)
This parable DOES teach us something about our attitude toward the Gospel. Namely, what?
Section Two: God’s Great Expectations
The Two Debtors (Luke 7:36-50)
The basis for this parable is an incident that occurs during a dinner Jesus attends at the home of a Pharisee named Simon.
What makes you wonder about the sincerity of this man’s invitation to Jesus? And if he did not invite Jesus out of true respect, why did he invite him?
The woman who enters Simon’s home is called “a woman who had lived a sinful life.” She was probably a prostitute. Pharisaic law made being touched by such a woman an act of defilement.
In addition, what kind of rabbi would accept an expensive perfume gift when it was undoubtedly purchased with sin-tainted money!? Why did Jesus allow this sorry, sobbing scandalous human being to even get near him?
What spiritual point does the parable make? What should it particularly have meant to Simon?
It was common hospitality in Eastern cultures to provide water for guest to wash their feet, to greet guests with a polite kiss, and to anoint the guest’s head with oil (considered by most to be an act symbolizing joy and festivity). Not only did Simon neglect to do this, but this sinful woman – in contrast — went beyond what was customary.
Do we ever consider ourselves less in need of forgiveness than others? When? Why?
In what ways do we view certain sinners with disgust? How should we be viewing them?
How would you have reacted to that woman? Would you have been embarrassed? Would you have thought she went overboard? When does showing love for Jesus become excessive? What is easier- To fall short of showing love for Jesus or to go too far?
The Lost Sheep (Matthew 18:10-14)
What was on the disciples’ minds that leads us into chapter 18? (See verse 1) What does this question tell us about their attitude and character?
Verses 10-14 contrast the disciple’s attitude and goals with God’s. The angels who “always see the face of my Father in heaven” rejoice whenever a sinner repents. What is Jesus’ point in this verse?
Contrast the attitude of the heavenly Father in this parable with that of the disciples in verse 1.
How does this parable influence how we look at others? How we look at ourselves? How we approach our ministry as a church and as individuals?
The Unmerciful Servant (Matthew 18:21-35)
Jesus had just finished discussing how to deal with someone who has sinned against us. Peter has a question that seems quite natural, given the preceding conversation. “How many times shall I forgive my brother when he sins against me?”
We need to give Peter credit for the right motives, but the wrong mechanics. Pharisaic law demanded that one forgive two times, or three times if you wanted to exceed the standard. Peter also knew the law of love should prompt a Christian to be more forgiving than that. Even more than twice as forgiving. It seems he was anticipating Jesus to give him an answer somewhere between 3 and 7.
Note that Jesus’ use of the number “seventy times seven” was a Jewish idiom and was understood to mean an innumerable amount.
10,000 talents = millions of dollars
A few hundred denarii = A few dollars
What are some excuses we use to justify being unforgiving?
The parable gives us the reason why we are expected to forgive innumerable times. What is the number one motivating factor that makes the victim of a sin able to forgive the sinner. see Matthew 6:12; Ephesians 4:32; Colossians 3:13
“he and his wife and his children and all that he had be sold . . .” The selling of a debtor who was not able to pay was not unusual in ancient times. “I will pay back everything.” A flat-out lie. Don’t many people think the same thing when it comes to salvation? Good works cannot pay God back for sins in our life.
The Roman Catholic church uses v. 34 as a proof passage for purgatory. Why is that not a legitimate interpretation?
What’s wrong (and dangerous) with this statement? “I just can’t forgive him/her for what he/she has done!”
The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:30-37)
To understand why Jesus spoke this parable, read verses 25-29. Why did this expert in the law ask the question, “And who is my neighbor?” What’s wrong with the lawyer’s question?
Look at Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18. What is emphasized in both passages? Why the emphatic repetition of “all?” What will prompt such love? (See I John 4:1)
In verse 28, the Greek word for “do this” means “keep on doing, never fail, never give up, never slip, never let go.” What is Jesus’ point in telling the lawyer, “Do this and you will live?” (Also, see Galatians 3:21)
Jesus’ parable is His answer to the man’s question. To understand this parable better, we want to note the following:
- A priest was the highest and most repsected religious leader in Israel.
- The Levites were temple workers; both the priest and the Levite therefore could well be considered as model, God-fearing Jews.
- The Samaritans and Jews hated each other; the Jews considered the Samaritans as half-breed low-lifes because they were of mixed blood (Jewish and native Canaanite); Samaritans considered the Jews to be arrogant and overbearing. A Jew would have nothing to do with a Samaritan, and vice versa.
What reasons might that Priest and Levite have for not stopping to help that wounded man? Could their “reasons” be viable, spiritually speaking?
The main point of the parable is stated in verse 36. What is it?
Many misinterpret this parable. They assume that Jesus was teaching us to be kind to people. Acutally, this parable holds no comfort for us at all. Because it convicts us, just as it convicted that expert in the law…………of what?
This account points out sinful man’s wrong assumption that God is satisfied with our keeping common standards of basic, decent behavior. What ARE God’s standards? Can we “Go and do likewise?” If not, how can we have any hope of pleasing God?
In what ways are we, at times, like the Levite and priest? In what ways would you like to be more like the Good Samaritan? How is Jesus the true Good Samaritan?
The Tower Builder And The Warring King (Luke 14:25-35)
This parable leads the crowd following Jesus to consider whether they are willing to pay the price of living in this kingdom as a disciple of Christ.
In what sense does the call to follow Jesus include a call to “hate” even those close to us? How is it a call to “hate” even our own life?
Today, we hear the phrase “a cross to bear” and we think of something difficult we have to live with. However, in Jesus’ day, carrying a cross meant much more. It meant . . . what?
Why is it important to “count the cost” of discipleship?
According to this section of Scripture, who IS qualified to be a disciple? Are you qualified? Justify your response.
The Parable Of The Shrewd Manager (Luke 16:1-13)
After focusing on God’s desire to save sinners, Jesus teaches his disciples how to live in such a way as to show that rescuing souls is their main objective as well.
In Eastern business practice, as long as a manager collected what his owner demanded, he was free to take any added percentage for himself. Therefore, it is possible that even with the discounts the manager offered, he still returned the amount that his owner originally demanded. Regardless, the manager lost out on money that could have been his. About what was the manager most concerned?
Why did the owner “commend” the manager?
There’s no question that dishonesty was involved in this man’s plan. However, that is not the point of Jesus’ parable. Jesus wants to bring attention to the shrewdness of the manager, and for his disciples to take note.
In verse 8, who are the “people of this world?” (see Psalm 17:14) Who are the “people of light?” (see Ephesians 5:8) Why would people of the light want to be shrewd in dealing with people of the world?
You have a neighbor that moves in and you find out he and his family are atheists. What are some ways you can be “shrewd” in dealing with him? What factors will determine how “shrewd” you become?
Agree or Disagree: The manner in which I use my wealth on this earth determines to what degree God will bless me with more. (see 2 Corinthians 9:6)
What is the main point of this parable?
NOTE: Heaven is a gift. It has nothing to do with how we use our money. However, our use of wealth in a God-pleasing way may RESULT in many people being in heaven to welcome us one day.
Unworthy Servants (Luke 17:7-10)
In verses 1-6 of chapter 17, Jesus has just given some examples of the stringent demands of obedience that those who follow Him must follow. When they expressed their intimidation at such high standards, Jesus comforted them by telling them that, though their faith was small, yet because their faith was in him, it was powerful enough to enable them to great things for God!
This short parable, however, speaks to a different concern: the human tendency to judge our faithfulness to God on the basis of how we stack up compared to others. There’s always someone less faithful than we are. Often we are able to find that person in our lives. What does this parable say to us when we start to compare ourselves to others?
What are the evil consequences for me, for others, and for God when I conclude, “you know, compared to most people, I’m a pretty faithful Christian”?
The Ten Minas (Luke 19:11-27)
If someone gave you $l000.00 extra dollars, what would you do with it?
1. Invest it aggressively.
2. Put it in an insured bank account.
3. Stuff it in a mattress because you don’t trust banks.
The setting of this parable is that Jesus and his disciples are nearing Jerusalem on his last journey. Many believed Jesus would now establish His kingdom in Jerusalem. The story of Zacchaeus, just previous to this parable, points out the commitment to Jesus that accompanies a life of faith. Zacchaeus gave half of his possessions to the poor and paid back those he had cheated four-fold. The parable is all about faithfulness. Perhaps Jesus spoke this parable in Zacchaeus’ home.
Who’s the man who went into a far country and promised to return again? Who are the servants? Who are the people who say, “We don’t want you to rule over us?” What’s the distant country? What’s meant by the interval between when the nobleman left and would return?
(Verse 13) a mina was about three months wages. What does the mina that each servant received before the nobleman left in the parable represent? (see John 20:22). It could also be the means of grace God’s servants are to use faithfully until the end of the age. I Tim. 6:20. What are we to do with the mina until Jesus returns again?
In Biblical numerology the number ten, incidentally, consistently represents perfection or completeness.
The faithful servants in the parable showed their faithfulness by investing the money given to them by their master wisely and profitably. How can we show our faithfulness as God’s servants?
Should we expect tangible or visible rewards already now on earth?
What does Jesus mean in verse 26?
Should we be afraid of the Last Day when the Lord calls us to give an account?
Section Three: By Grace Alone…By Faith Alone
The Searching Shepherd, The Searching Woman, The Searching Father (Luke 15:1-32)
What precipitated these three parables? (v. 2)
These parables sharply contrast the attitude of the Pharisees toward sinners with God’s attitude toward sinners. How did a stereotypical Pharisee regard a “sinner”? What do these parable teach us about how GOD regards a sinner?
NOTE: Verse 7 reminds us that God is NOT in the business of rubber-stamping with his seal of approval the self-righteousness of people like the Pharisees. What really pleases him is rescuing repentant sinners. How do these parables challenge how we view ourselves?
List some details from these three parables that indicate the depth of God’s love for us.
Did you ever run away from home? Where did you go? What happened? (Or, Did you ever think of running away from home? Where would you have gone? Why did you change your mind?) Which child were you in your family, the “obedient” one or the “wild” one?
Why do you think the prodigal son decided to leave home?
In those times if a younger son left the family home for one reason or another, the older son was expected to stay at home and take care of the estate. However, the younger son had no right to demand his share of the inheritance when he did. According to Jewish law, the children could not divide the inheritance until after the father’s death. Then the firstborn (oldest) received a “double share” of the estate, and the other children shared the remainder of it (Deuteronomy 21:15-17). The younger son in the parable could have received a considerable amount of money.
What’s meant by the “distant country?” When are we off in a “distant country?” Why didn’t the father stop his son? Why doesn’t God stop us? What kind of pleasures can the world give?
Does God ever abandon someone to their foolishness? Romans 1:24,28.
Do you think that the father was wise to give his son his inheritance when he knew his son would probably blow it?
If the father had a pretty good idea where his son had gone, do you think he should have gone after him?
(Verses 17-19) What does the lost son realize he doesn’t deserve? What’s his only hope when he goes back home? What must we also realize we don’t deserve from God? What’s our only hope also?
Of what can we be sure when we return to our heavenly father? What’s the spiritual counterpart to the “best robe” (verse 22)? See Galatians 3:27; Isaiah.61:10. The ring signified son ship. Sons also wore sandals. Slaves went barefoot.
In the third parable, what flaws do you find in the protest of the older brother to his father’s goodness toward his younger brother? (vv. 28-30)
By temperament and experience, which of the three main characters do you best identify with in this story of the prodigal son/unforgiving brother/waiting father?
Agree or Disagree: Some “lost sons” can appear to be very nice, decent, family loving and church going people?
What’s the only food that nourishes and feeds the soul? What is some “pigs food” the world offers?
The Blind Guides (Matthew 7:3-5; Luke 6:39-42)
This parable is connected to Jesus famous “Sermon On The Mount.” In this sermon Jesus teaches almost the diametric opposite of what the Pharisees taught; namely, that an attitude of humility and mercy are more important than an outward show of righteousness; that sin is not only what one does but what one thinks; that God expects more than reasonably good behavior, that he expects perfection.
Read the parable in verses 39-40 of Luke 6. In what sense were the Pharisees “blind” leaders?
What does Jesus indicate as the consequences of such blind leadership?
Read verses 41,42. Then read Luke 6:1-10. How did the Pharisees prove themselves guilty of the sin this parable reveals? What was the plank in the Pharisees’ eye? Let’s apply this parable to ourselves. Should we ever point out sin in the life of a fellow Christian? (See 6:37) If so, what should be our attitude in doing so and our goal?
The Persistent Friend (Luke 11:1-10)
This entire section has to do with prayer. What would prompt the disciples to request “Lord, teach us to pray”? What’s so difficult about praying?
Verses 2-4 describe the nature of God-pleasing prayer. God-pleasing prayer will reflect that our greatest concern is God’s glory and his kingdom (gracious ruling) in the hearts of people, that spiritual matters are most important, that we are dependant on God for everything from basic physical needs to forgiveness to help in any trouble.
Verses 5-8 is a parable which makes what point about HOW we are to pray?
(This parable should remind us not to go too far in interpreting every detail of parables. For instance, we shouldn’t assume that God is like the man in the parable, answering our prayers merely because we keep bothering him.
Verse 9,10 should be an encouragement to us; however, what do you make of the claim that some make based on these words, that, if you really believe, God will answer all of your prayers?
Verses 11-13 are an argument from a lesser point to a greater. What is the point?
What is the greatest gift we can ask for?
The Persistent Widow (Luke 18:1-8)
The purpose of this parable is in Luke 18:1. What is the purpose? Why do we need this parable?
There is an argument from the lesser to the greater from this parable. If even an unjust judge grants justice after much pleading, then certainly . . . what?
Is Jesus’ last statement in v. 8 a warning for the disciples or about the world they live in? Be prepared to defend your answer. What does verse 8 say to us?
The Pharisee And The Tax Collector (Luke 18:9-14)
When you were in high school, what did it take to be with the “in” crowd? What was a guaranteed way to be out?
What is the purpose of this parable? (verse 9)
(Verse 11) Was the Pharisee really thanking God?
God prescribed only 1 day of fasting a year, the Day of Atonement. Lev. l6:29,31 Later the Jews observed four official days of fasting. The Pharisees fasted each Monday and Thursday, the days tradition says Moses ascended and descended Mt. Sinai. The Jews also weren’t commanded to give a tenth of everything. Small herbs, for example, were exempted.
Comment on the body language of the tax collector.
(Verse 14) justified = not condemned, innocent, fully forgiven, free and rid of all guilt and punishment, accepted and beloved to God. On what basis does God pronounce this verdict? Why was the Pharisee not justified?
What’s meant by “universal justification?” When did it take place? What’s meant by “personal justification?” When did it take place? Why is universal justification of such comfort to the penitent sinner?
Agree or Disagree: Even today the Pharisee and the tax collector go to the temple to pray.
How can religious feelings be deceiving? To what must we compare ourselves to get a true picture of ourselves?
How is this parable a comfort? How is it a warning?
The Laborers In The Vineyard (Matthew 20:1-16)
The basis for this parable is Peter’s question in 19:27. Peter was curious about the reward he could expect as someone who had left everything to follow Jesus. What does this parable say to those who serve God because they want to get a bigger reward than everybody else?
This parable forces us to ask, “Why do I serve God?” It also forces us to ask whether we feel a “new” Christian has the same rights as we do in the congregation? How does this parable respond to both of those concerns?
Section Four: Preparation for Judgment
The Parable Of The Rich Fool (Luke 12:13-21)
According to Jewish law, the eldest son received a double inheritance, with the provision he subsequently must support his mother and (any) unmarried sisters.
The man in our text seems to make a rather simple request of Jesus. Describe Jesus’ response and what flaw he points out in the man’s question…and heart.
What does Jesus mean in verse 15 by the term “a man’s life?”
There are hints regarding the attitude problem this man had. How did he get his crop? (pay careful attention to the wording in verse 16)
Does this parable say that it is wrong to plan ahead for the future? (See James 4:13-15) Is it right to put money away in a life insurance policy or a retirement account or even to have a savings account?
Pay careful attention to the wording he uses when he talks about material possessions. What do you notice that indicates just what was the problem with this rich man’s view of life? (See also Psalm 39:6; Psalm 49:10; Eccl. 2:18,21)
Why did God call him a “fool” in verse 20?
Agree or Disagree: To possess wealth gives a person a false sense of security
Aside from material wealth, what other earthly matters might give one a false sense of security?
What does it mean to be “rich toward God”? And how does one do that?
Where are your riches? What are three chief priorities for your life right now? How would you like to be remembered?
Where would you like to leave your riches?
The Net (Matthew 13:47-50)
The normal way to fish on the Sea of Galilee was to simply drag a net through the water. The net, of course, would collect both edible and inedible fish. Take note that Jesus is speaking this parable from a location near the Sea of Galilee, where the people may been able to see fisherman out on the water and plying their trade.
It is impossible to determine how many “keepers” there are in a net bulging with fish, simply by looking at the net. What lesson do we learn from this parable about the nature of the kingdom of heaven?
How does this parable serve as a warning to us?
Define the “wicked” and the “righteous” (See Romans 3:20-23)
Many today do not believe in the traditional understanding of hell as a place of fiery punishment. Verse 50 makes the nature of hell very clear.
The “gnashing of teeth” is symbolic of anger and frustration. Why are the inhabitants of hell frustrated and angry?
The Narrow Door (Luke 13:22-30)
In what respect is the door to heaven a narrow door?
The people outside the house claim to be acquainted with Jesus. Why does God deny knowing them?
If it is “evildoers” (v.27) who will be shut out of heaven, how can you or I stand a chance?
In verse 28, the “weeping” refers to sorrow and the “gnashing of teeth” refers to anger. Why will people shut outside of heaven grieve and be angry?
In verse 30, what was the message for the Jews of Jesus’ day? What is the message for us today?
The Seats At The Wedding Feast (Luke 14:7-11)
The feast Jesus was attending was also attended by Pharisees and teachers of the law. In what way was their behavior at this feast (grabbing the best seats) indicative of their spiritual attitudes?
What did Jesus’ specifically mean in his statement in verse 11? Think of some situations when we need to remember these words.The Great Banquet (Luke 14:15-24)
One of the guests at this banquet expresses his feelings about the blessedness of sharing in that future feast in the kingdom of God. The parable Jesus speaks directs that man’s attention AWAY from how wonderful heaven will be to whether he is willing, RIGHT NOW, to accept the invitation.
Who embodies God’s invitation to his heavenly feast? And how does one therefore reject God’s invitation to his kingdom?
The people in the parable had seemingly legitimate obligations in other matters. Why, then, are these people excluded from the feast and their “reasons” for not accepting the invitation called “excuses” (v. 18)?
This parable is all about priorities . . . in what sense?
What are some excuses humans use today for rejecting God’s invitation to his kingdom?
The Two Sons (Matthew 21:28-32)
This parable was spoken right in the temple courtyard before the chief priests and elders during the week of Jesus’ death. His words are blunt.
How were the tax collectors and prostitutes like the first son? How were the Pharisees and teachers of the law like the second son?
There is a difference between claiming obedience and actually obeying. What command from the Father were the religious leaders simply unwilling to obey (though they calimed to be truely obedient to God)?
Comment on this statement: “Oh, I’m sure she went to heaven. She was very religious.”
The Parable Of The Tenants (Matthew 21:33-44)
Note that the situation is the same as that surrounding the parable above.
Who or what is . . .1) The landowner 2) The tenants 3) The servants 4) The son 5) The vineyard 6) The expected fruit 7) The other tenants 8) Harvest time?
Note how the parables are very direct and obvious in meaning to confront the religious leaders with their obstinate refusal to accept the truth of Jesus Christ.
What does verse 44 mean?
Ready And Waiting Servants (Luke 12:35-48)
In verses 35-40, Jesus speaks of being prepared for his second coming. In the first illustraation of servants waiting for their master to return home, what highly unusual thing does the master do for his faithful servants? What does this tell us about the nature of our Savior?
The second illustration pictures Jesus’ coming like a thief breaking into a house. Why?
The parable in verses 42-46 reminds us that there is a temptation all of us face until Jesus returns. What is that temptation? In what ways do we emulate that unfaithful servant?
The final verses, 47-48, remind us that the privilege we have been given to know the Savior and his word so well comes an important responsibility; namely, what?
NOTE: Scripture does teach clearly that there will be different degrees of punishment in hell.
The Wedding Banquet (Matthew 22:1-14)
According to Jewish custom, when a couple was betrothed, an announcement was sent out regarding the impending marriage, which usually took place around one year later. This parable speaks about the subsequent personal invitations given shortly before the wedding.
The wedding clothes were special garments that guests were expected to wear to show their joy at the event being celebrated. Not wearing those garments was an insult.
Apply this parable to God’s dealings with Israel, focusing in on these details in the parable:
1. The repeated invitations
2. The apathetic and even hostile response
3. The subsequent invitation to anyone on the street
4. The importance of wedding clothing
What tendancies do we have that make this parable an apt warning for us?
In what way does this parable glorify God’s grace?
How does this parable help us to answer the charge: “I can’t believe a loving God would actually send people to hell.”
The Ten Virgins (Matthew 25:1-13)
Bridegrooms would walk in a festive procession from the home of the bride to the groom’s home. Guests could join the procession as it went along or greet the groom at his home. It was necessary, however, that the guests have lighted lamps. Each lamp would serve to further illuminate the home or banquet hall, and provide a bright and joyful atmosphere for the celebration.
Why did 5 of the 10 virgins fail to meet the groom? Whose fault was it? Why?
Verse 13 states the point of this parable. What is it?
What can lead us to not be prepared to meet Jesus when he returns?
Section Five: Miscellaneous Parables
The Parable of The Patched Garment And The Wineskins
(Matthew 9:16,17; Mark 2:21,22; Luke 5:36-39)
Jesus has been baptized by John, thereby authenticating the ministry of John as well as giving public witness of his identity as God’s Son and chosen Messiah. He has returned from the wilderness to Galilee and chosen his disciples. He has worked his first miracle (turning water into wine) in Cana of Galilee. He has returned to Jerusalem for the Passover. He has made his way back to Galilee, where he has set up headquarters at Capernaum. He has gone throughout the region proclaiming the good news of the kingdom of God and healing many sick and demon-possessed people.
He has been ministering publicly long enough for the Pharisees and Teachers of the Law to become familiar with him and his message and to form some opinions about him. What do the following references tell you about the doctrine and practice of these religious leaders?
- Matthew 6:5
- Matthew 6:16-18
- Luke 11:37-54
- Luke 16:14
Is Jesus a friend or foe to them? Why?
- John 1:13-22
- Luke 5:17-26
- Luke 5:27-32
Read Luke 5:33-39 in light of the last two references from Luke 5 we just studied. This was obviously not an honest question. It was meant to discredit Jesus. What did the question imply about Jesus and his disciples?
The Pharisees assumed that fasting won brownie points with God. Jesus answer implies that fasting isn’t a deed that impresses God. It is a sign of sorrow. When Jesus said his disciples shouldn’t fast in sorrow, because the bridegroom was with them, what was he claiming about himself?
The parable Jesus then speaks about the garment is designed to lead the Pharisees to conclude that their teaching doesn’t match Jesus’ teaching. Explain the difference and how the parable illustrates the incompatibility of the two.
The parable of the wineskins indicates that it is impossible to package Jesus’ message in the structure of Old Testament Law. Explain how the parable illustrates that and why the point of the parable is true.
This parable has to do with mixing up the Law and the Gospel. How do the following examples illustrate an improper use of Law and Gospel?
All you have to do to get to heaven is believe in Jesus and live a good life.
We really feel good about our church! We’re growing by leaps and bounds, we always have something going for every age group, and people say that we’re the friendliest group around!
No Christian who appreciates what Jesus did for them would EVER have done what you did! Does Jesus’ death for you mean ANYTHING to you at all?
The Ten Commandments are a real comfort to me because they keep me on track in my walk with God.
Children In The Marketplace (Matthew 11:16-19; Luke 7:29-35)
This parable is directed to the Pharisees and experts in the law. How did these people regard John’s ministry? (See Luke 7:29,30) What did they think of Jesus? (See notes on the parable of the Wineskins)
Jesus compares the religious leaders of his day to children at play. In verse 32, what are we told about the way that children act when it comes to choosing what to play.
How did the religious leaders also act this way? (See vv. 33,34). In verses 33 and 34, what are we told about the different nature of John’s
and Jesus’ ministry?
Our sinful nature also resists both the Law and the Gospel. List some examples.
Parables Proving The Person Of Christ (Matthew 12:22-30; Mark 3:22-27)
What precipitated the parable-based teaching of this section? (See vv 22-24)
List the arguments Jesus uses to show how ridiculous and simple-minded the accusation that Jesus is driving demons out by the power of the devil is. (v26-29)
What conclusion, arising from Jesus’ obviously real and God-given miracle-working power, did the Pharisees not want to accept? Why not?
Many today want to find some reason to dismiss anything about Jesus that points to his divine nature. Why is it simple-minded for someone to think he can separate Jesus from his miracles and end up with “Jesus, the great humanitarian-teacher”?
The Empty House (Matthew 12:43-45)
What leads to Jesus’ words in this section? Read 12:38. The current religious leaders again show their absolute ridiculousness when they ask Jesus for a sign that will prove he is the Messiah sent from God. Why in the world would they need a sign, given all the miracles Jesus had already performed!? Their request merely betrays their refusal to accept the truth that had already been made clear.
Read the parable. It speaks about a demon-possessed man who enjoyed freedom from demon possession for a while, but in the end was possessed by seven demons rather than merely one.
Many Israelites who had rejected God repented when John the Baptist brought his message to Israel and pointed them to the Messiah, Jesus. But many of those baptized by John later rejected Jesus and so their fate was worse at the end.
What warning can we take from this parable?
How does this parable move us to reach out more energetically to our fallen-away friends and relatives?
The Owner Of The House (Matthew 13:51,52)
In order for the teachers of the law to give their listeners the full revelation of God, they first had to be instructed in the kingdom of heaven themselves. What did they need to learn about the kingdom of heaven? (Matthew 3:1-3)
What are the old treasures? What are the new treasures?
Christian teaching is more than just a matter of imparting knowledge or facts; it’s sharing treasures! List some of the treasures that Christian teachers (such as parents, Sunday School teachers, and every Christian witness) are privileged to share.
Clean And Unclean (Matthew 15:1-20)
Since the time of the return from the Baylonian Capitivity, the teachers of the law had added additional regulations and laws to the Mosaic Law. Two of those “traditions of the elders”, as they were called, are mentioned in the opening verses. One is the practice of ceremonial washing before meals, and the other is the practice of dedicating something as a special gift to God.
In their effort to keep the man-made traditions of the Elders, the Pharisees and Teachers of the Law ended up breaking God’s clear commands. How does Jesus illustrate that? How do the Isaiah passages support Jesus’ accusation?
Read 15:10,11 and then 15:15-20 for the explanation of this parable.
Our sin and our need for a savior is more serious if we view sin as a matter of the heart and rather than as a matter of one’s life. Why is that?
NOTE: This was a theme Jesus hit again and again in his discussions with the Pharisees and Teachers of the Law. Without a true understanding of sin, there isn’t much need for a Savior.
Read 15:12-14 Jesus here tells his disciples why they shouldn’t be surprised if the Pharisees were offended by Jesus’ words, nor should they let the Pharisees intimidate them as men who seem to be in control.
Lost Sheep And Dogs (Matthew 15:21-28)
Jesus’ ministry was conducted primarily for the benefit of God’s people, the Jews. Jesus’ mission was conducted for all people. Jesus’ is referring only to his ministry in verse 24.
In Jesus’ statement in verse26, who are the children? What is the bread? Who are the dogs?
In the woman’s reply, what was she saying to Jesus? How would you describe this woman’s faith?
Jesus didn’t help her right away; in fact he seemed to ignore her and then cut her down. Why did he deal with her in this manner?
The Yeast Of The Pharisees And Sadducees (Matthew 16:5-12)
The point of this parable is obvious and extremely important. The false teaching of the religious leaders was like yeast- it influenced a person’s entire thinking and life.
Note what had happened leading up to this parable. The religious leaders had asked Jesus for a sign to prove he was the Messiah. That doesn’t seem so bad, does it? How did this request, however, give evidence of their false beliefs and teaching?
One of Satan’s biggest lies is that a little false teaching is no big deal. A little false teaching can lead to toleration or acceptance of more false teaching and ultimately destroy one’s faith and eternal future.
The Rock And The Keys (Matthew 16:13-19)
The Roman Catholic Church states that this reference is Scriptural evidence that Christ chose Peter to be the first pope, and that all
successors of Peter have the headship of the church that Christ entrusted to Peter.
However, while Jesus DID change Simon’s name to Peter, which means “rock” because of his rock-solid confession of who Jesus was, Jesus was NOT referring to Peter when he said, “On this rock I will build my church.” The Greek word for “rock” in that phrase is of the feminine gender, and therefore cannot refer to Peter (masculine gender); it must refer to Peter’s confession of Jesus as the Christ and Son of God.
What are the keys Jesus speaks of? (See John 20:23)
The Lamp Of The Body (Luke 11:33-36)
Earlier in this chapter Jesus drove a demon out of a man and some concluded this miracle was accomplished through the power of Satan.
Others demanded that Jesus prove he was really God by a “sign” from heaven.
This parable shows that the problem for those who would not accept Jesus is NOT that there isn’t enough evidence. How does verse 33 point that out (if the lamp is Jesus)?
In verse 34, the eyes are “faith”, what is Jesus saying to those who refused to accept him as God and Savior?
In verses 35 and 36, what is Jesus saying about the person who truly believes in him?
This parable should be a good reminder to us that some people simply don’t WANT to believe, though they may claim that the evidence for Christianity isn’t compelling enough.
How does this understanding actually help us when we witness our faith to others?
NOTE: One year away from his death, Jesus begins now to use much clearer language. Consider what he says in the rest of this chapter.
The Fruitless Fig Tree (Luke 13:1-9)
This parable was spoken by Jesus in response to a question that has always plagued mankind. Why does tragedy strike some and not others? Jesus doesn’t answer that question. Rather, he addresses the attitude of those who asked it.
Rather than being concerned about whether somebody else was under God’s judgment, what should they be concerned about?
In verses 6-9, who is the vineyard owner, the vineyard tender, and the fig tree.
What is the point of the parable . . . about God? about stubborn Israel?
The Wise And Foolish Builders (Matthew 7:24-29; Luke 6:46-49)
Multitudes had been attracted to Jesus and his teaching. Many were amazed that he spoke with authority that even the Teachers of the Law did not have. But fascination with Jesus is not the same as faith in Jesus.
How does the parable in Luke 6:43-49 make that point? In what sense are we all builders? What is the rock foundation? What are the consequences of building or not building on the rock?
In what ways do we call Jesus “Lord” but live as if we are the lords of our lives?