January 08, 2023 Epiphany Sunday
also known as the Sunday of the Baptism of our Lord
The Epiphany Journey of Faith
I’m fairly certain that it escaped your notice (…..it definitely would’ve escaped mine if I hadn’t been writing this service flyer introduction…..), but this past Friday was the Twelfth (and last) Day of Christmas. It marked the formal end of what the Christian Church refers to as “the Christmas Season.” Yesterday, for example, here in church we took down our Christmas decorations — the trees, nativity scene, wreaths, lights, etc. That’s because it’s time to move on from the formal celebration of Jesus’ birth and instead to continue our annual “Church Year journey” that will lead us eventually to Jerusalem, Calvary and Jesus’ open grave on Easter morning.
You and I are certainly grateful for the Gift of the Baby born in Bethlehem Who became the world’s Savior (and ours). However, this morning we’re going to adjust our worship focus on Christ just a little bit as we begin what is known on the church’s calendar as “the Epiphany Season.”
This season of “Epiphany” is the third season of the Christian Church year — which began on the last Sunday of this past November. The first two “seasons” were the recently-completed Advent and Christmas seasons. The Epiphany season varies in length from 3 to 8 Sundays, depending on the date of Easter. An early Easter means a short Epiphany cycle, and vice versa. For example, this year’s Epiphany season will be 7 Sundays (including today) in length….from January 6th to February 21st.
The Historical Background of the Epiphany Season
With the exception of the Festival of the Resurrection of our Lord (Easter Sunday), the “Festival of the Epiphany of our Lord” is the oldest of the Christian church’s formal observances or celebrations.
Almost 2000 years before the birth of Christ, January 6th marked the date of a celebration dedicated to the birth of the sun-god, Aeon. By the close of the second century A.D., Christians “took over” this date and “reformed” it into the Festival of the Epiphany of our Lord — replacing any and all pagan overtones connected to the sun-god, with Christian meaning, significance, and the worship of the “Son of God,” Who is the true “Light of the world.”
The word “Epiphany” is actually taken from a Greek word, “epi- pha-neh-oh” which means “to reveal,” “to make known” or “to manifest.” The Epiphany season’s purpose is to remind us of the manifestation, or revelation, of God’s glory to mankind that occurred when God the Father sent His Son into our world. God the Son took upon Himself our human nature to become our Savior from sin and our Guarantee of eternal life in heaven – through faith in Him.
Until the inauguration of the observance of Christmas in the 4th century AD, both the birth of Jesus and the occasion of His baptism were commemorated together on January 6th. After the majority of congregations eventually changed their celebration of Christ’s birth from January 6th to December 25th, the Eastern Church (today’s Eastern/Greek Orthodox Church) determined that they would use the Festival of Epiphany to celebrate the significance of Christ’s baptism. They have continued with that emphasis over the centuries to this very day.
The Two General “Emphases” of Epiphany
On the other hand, in the Western Church (initially the Roman Catholic Church – but subsequently also our Lutheran church and the various Protestant churches) the Epiphany season has two general emphases. The first emphasis, tied to the visit of the Gentile Wise Men to worship the Christ-child, stresses the work of Evangelism – the vital task of Christians personally bringing the Gospel to people near and far, so that everyone might share in the blessings of Jesus’ redeeming work. The second emphasis for this season serves to show how Jesus “revealed” His Deity (the fact that He is the Savior-God) through His miracles and His message. In connection with this second emphasis, we customarily use the Epiphany season to continue our celebration of the incarnation of Christ. We do that by giving our attention to selected Biblical accounts which deal with some of the tangible ways (preaching/ teaching, plus His miracles of healing and provision) by which Jesus – during His public ministry – manifested Himself to His followers then and now as the Promised Messiah, Who is truly God and truly human, and the one and only Savior of the world.
Today’s Scripture Lessons
Three of today’s lessons (the Old Testament, Epistle, and Sermon text) are the historic/traditional
readings for the Festival of the Epiphany. Along with this morning’s sermon hymn, they serve to emphasize God’s grace in sharing the mystery of the Gospel with the non-Jewish (Gentile) peoples of the world. Meanwhile the Children’s Lesson and our Gospel Lesson will emphasize the other traditional theme for this First Sunday in Epiphany…..the “manifestation”/revealing of Jesus as the Son of God, which occurred when His ministry began with His Baptism by John.
Our Old Testament Lesson is Isaiah’s prophesy about Gentiles coming to the Messiah. It would find immediate fulfillment in today’s Sermon Text, the story of the Wise Men (who were Gentiles) coming to worship the infant Jesus.
In our Epistle Lesson, Paul speaks about the privilege that God had given him to bring the Light of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the Gentile world. Today, like Paul was, you and I have been entrusted with the responsibility of proclaiming that saving Gospel message, formerly a mystery to all but the nation of Israel, throughout our community and into all the world.
Today’s Gospel Lesson is the account of Jesus’ baptism as it’s recorded in Matthew’s Gospel.
Our Children’s Lesson will talk about the significance of our own baptism, and how we are united with Christ through it.
Finally, this morning’s Sermon is based on the account of the , Wise Men and their trek, as they followed the miraculous start, to worship Christ. Today we join them in celebrating Christ’s birth, as we find enduring joy and encouragement in the reality that for us, a Savior has come: He is Jesus Christ, our Lord.
The portions of God’s Word used in this worship flyer have been taken from The Holy Bible, Evangelical Heritage Version Copyright 2019, The Wartburg Project, Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission Music and lyrics, as needed, are used with permission via OneLicense.net #A712831
Prayer Upon Entering Church – Heavenly Father, You displayed Your grace by bringing me to faith in Christ through the work of Your Holy Spirit, and then by giving me the blessing of being called Your child. Though what I offer You today is so small compared to all You have done for me, please accept my humble offerings of praise and thanksgiving, as well as my gifts that I will be bringing before You today. Also, Lord, help me gladly to hear and take to heart all that You offer me in Your Word this morning – particularly the Good News of salvation from sin for me and all people through faith in Your Son, my Savior. Renew and invigorate my faith through Your Holy Spirit today and every day, that I might live a confident life of faith and love to Your glory, and so that I might share with others, by all possible means and at every opportunity, the same Good News of salvation through Christ which has filled my life with peace, purpose, and the promise of eternal life in heaven. Amen.
Silent prayer Pre service music
The Service Introduction and Invitation to Worship
Invocation
P: We make our beginning this morning, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
The Opening Hymn Hymn 94 “O Jesus, King of Glory”
1 O Jesus, King of glory, Both David’s Lord and son!
Your rule endures forever; In heaven is your throne.
Help that in earth’s dominions, From pole to farthest pole,
Your reign may spread salvation To each benighted soul.
2 The eastern Magi, coming Their gifts of love to bring,
Bear witness to your glory And worship you, their King.
To you the star is pointing And the prophetic Word;
So joyously we hail you: Our Savior and our Lord.
3 You are a mighty monarch, As by your Word is told,
And yet you care but little For earthly goods or gold.
You do not come displaying Your power and renown.
You dwell in no high castle; You wear no jeweled crown.
4 Oh, look on me with pity Though I am weak and poor;
Admit me to your kingdom To dwell there, blest and sure.
I pray, Lord, guide and keep me Safe from my bitter foes,
From sin and death and Satan; Free me from all my woes.
5 Then let your Word within me Shine as the fairest star;
Keep sin and all false doctrine Forever from me far.
Help me confess you truly And with all Christendom
Here hail you King and Savior And in the world to come.
After which the Congregation will rise for
The Blessing
P: The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you.
C: And also with you.
The Confession of Sins
Pastor God, our Heavenly Father, invites us to come into His presence and to worship Him with humble and penitent hearts. Therefore, let us now turn to Him, acknowledging our sinfulness and seeking His forgiveness for all our sins.
Congregation Holy and merciful Father, + I confess that I am by nature sinful + and that I have disobeyed You in my thoughts, words, and actions; + I have done what is evil in Your sight + and have failed to do what is good. + For this I know that I deserve Your punishment, + both now and for eternity. + But I am truly sorry for all my sins, + and trusting in the perfect life + and innocent death of my Savior, esus Christ, + I plead: + God have mercy on me, a sinner.
Pastor Our gracious Lord and Master has shown us His mercy: He has given His one and only Son to save us from all our sins. And now, carrying out my office as a called servant of Christ, and according to His command and authority, I forgive you all your sins in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. May the peace of God rest upon all of you.
Congregation Amen.
Lord Have Mercy
P: For all that we need in life, and for the wisdom to use all Your gifts with gratitude and joy, hear our prayer, O Lord.
C: (sung) Lord have mercy
P: For the steadfast assurance that nothing can separate us from Your love and for the courage to stand firm against the assaults of Satan and every evil, hear our prayer, O Christ:
C: (Sung) Christ have mercy.
P: For the well-being of Your holy Church in all the world and for those who offer here their worship and praise, hear our prayer, O Lord
C: (Sung) Lord have mercy.
P: Merciful God, Maker and Preserver of life, uphold us by Your power, and keep us in Your tender care:
C: (sung) Amen.
P: The works of the Lord are great and glorious; His name is worthy of praise.
(Sung) O Lord, our Lord, How glorious is Your name in all the earth.
Almighty God, merciful Father, Your crown our life with Your love.
You take away our sin; You comfort our spirit;
You make us pure and holy in Your sight.
You did not spare Your only Son, but gave Him up for us all.
O Lord, our Lord, How glorious is Your name in all the earth.
O Son of God, eternal Word of the Father,
You came to live with us; You made Your Father known;
You washed us from our sins in Your own blood.
You are the King of glory; You are the Lord!
O Lord, our Lord, How glorious is Your name in all the earth
Prayer of the Day
Almighty and eternal God + direct our actions that we may always please You. + Be merciful to us, O Lord, + whom You have called out of the darkness of sin and unbelief + and into the light of saving faith in Christ Jesus. + Keep the eyes of our faith open by the power of Your Holy Spirit + that we may continue to see and confess Your Son, Jesus Christ, + as truly God and truly Man, + and as the one and only Redeemer of the entire world. + Continue to lead us by the light of Your Word + giving us the spiritual wisdom and strength of faith + to live each day to the honor of Your glorious name. + We ask this for Jesus’ sake + Who lives and rules with You and the Holy Spirit + as the one true God, now and for ever. + Amen.
after which the Congregation may be seated for
We Give Our Attention to the Word of God
The First Lesson Isaiah 60:1-6
Arise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the Lord is dawning upon you. 2 Look, darkness covers the earth, and deep darkness covers the peoples, but the Lord will dawn upon you, and His glory will be seen over you. 3 Nations will walk to your light, and kings to the brightness of your dawn.
4 Look up. Look all around and see! All of them have been gathered. They are coming to you. Your sons will come from far away, and people will carry your daughters on their side. 5 Then you will look and be radiant. Your heart will race with excitement and burst with joy. For great riches from the sea will be delivered to you. The wealth of the nations will come to you. 6 Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels from Midian and Ephah. All those from Sheba will come. They will carry gold and incense, and they will announce the good news of the praise of the Lord.
Verse of the Day
P: Alleluia. Return to the Lord, your God, for He is gracious and merciful,
slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love. Alleluia.
C: (Sung) Alleluia! Alleluia! Alleluia!
The Epistle Lesson Ephesians 3:2-12
2 Surely you have heard of the administration of God’s grace given to me for you, 3 namely, that the mystery was made known to me by revelation (as I have already written briefly). 4 When you read this, you will be able to understand my insight into the mystery of Christ. 5 This mystery was not made known to people in past generations as it has now been revealed by the Spirit to His holy apostles and prophets. 6 This mystery is that in Christ Jesus the Gentiles are fellow heirs, members of the same body, and people who also share in the promise through the gospel.
7 I became a servant of this gospel, in keeping with the gift of God’s grace that was given to me by the working of His power. 8 To me—even though I am the very least of all the saints—was given this grace: to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ 9 and to enlighten everyone about the administration of this mystery. In past ages this mystery remained hidden in God, Who created all things. 10 He did this so that, through the Church, the multifaceted wisdom of God might now be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places. 11 This was done according to the eternal purpose that He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord. 12 In Him we can freely approach God with confidence through faith in Him. 13 So I ask you not to lose heart because of what I am suffering for you, because it is your glory.
After which the Congregation will rise for
The Gospel Lesson Matthew 3:1-17
In those days, John the Baptist appeared, preaching in the wilderness of Judea and saying, 2 “Repent, because the kingdom of heaven is near!” 3 Yes, this is he of whom this was spoken through the prophet Isaiah: “A voice of one crying out in the wilderness, “Prepare the way of the Lord. Make his paths straight.”
4 John wore clothing made of camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey. 5 Then Jerusalem, all of Judea, and all the region around the Jordan were going out to him. 6 They were baptized by him in the Jordan River as they confessed their sins. 7 But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming for his baptism, he said to them, “You offspring of vipers, who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8 Therefore produce fruit in keeping with repentance! 9 Do not think of saying to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones. 10 Already the ax is ready to strike the root of the trees. So every tree that does not produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 11 I baptize you with water for repentance. But the One Who comes after me is mightier than I. I am not worthy to carry His sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. 12 His winnowing shovel is in His hand, and He will thoroughly clean out His threshing floor. He will gather His wheat into the barn, but He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”
13 Then Jesus came from Galilee to be baptized by John at the Jordan. 14 But John tried to stop Him, saying, “I need to be baptized by You, and yet You come to me?” 15 But Jesus answered him, “Let it be so now, because it is proper for us to fulfill all righteousness.” Then John let Him. 16 After Jesus was baptized, He immediately went up out of the water. Suddenly, the heavens were opened for him! He saw the Spirit of God, descending like a dove and landing on Him, 17 and a voice out of the heavens said, “This is My Son, Whom I love. I am well pleased with Him.”
The Children’s Lesson Titus 3:4-7
But when the kindness and love of God our Savior appeared, He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of His mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit, Whom He poured out on us generously through Jesus Christ our Lord, so that having been justified by faith, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life.
“What My Baptism Means To Me”
The Public Confession of our Christian Faith
according to the words of the Apostles’ Creed
I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, And in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord; Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost; Born of the virgin Mary; Suffered under Pontius Pilate; Was crucified, dead, and buried; He descended into hell; The third day He rose again from the dead; He ascended into heaven; And sitteth at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty; From thence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost; The Holy Christian Church, the Communion of Saints; The forgiveness of sins; The resurrection of the body; And the life everlasting. Amen.
Hymn of the Day Hymn 83 “As With Gladness Men of Old”
1 As with gladness men of old Did the guiding star behold,
As with joy they hailed its light, Leading onward, beaming bright,
So, most gracious Lord, may we Evermore your foll’wers be.
2 As with joyful steps they sped, Savior, to your lowly bed,
There to bend the knee before You whom heav’n and earth adore,
So may we with willing feet Ever seek your mercy seat.
3 As they offered gifts most rare At your cradle, rude and bare,
So may we with holy joy, Pure and free from sin’s alloy,
All our costliest treasures bring, Christ, to you, our heav’nly King.
4 Holy Jesus, ev’ry day Keep us in the narrow way;
And, when earthly things are past, Bring our ransomed souls at last
Where they need no star to guide, Where no clouds your glory hide.
5 In the heav’nly country bright Need they no created light;
You its light, its joy, its crown, You its sun which goes not down.
There forever may we sing Alleluias to our King!
The Pre-Sermon Greeting
Grace be yours, and peace from God our Father, and from our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. Amen.
The Sermon Matthew 2:1-12
After Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, when Herod was king, Wise Men from the east came to Jerusalem. They asked, 2 “Where is He Who has been born King of the Jews? We saw His star when it rose and have come to worship Him.” 3 When King Herod heard this, he was alarmed, and all Jerusalem with him. 4 He gathered together all the people’s chief priests and experts in the law. He asked them where the Christ was to be born. 5 They said to him, “In Bethlehem of Judea, because this was written through the prophet:
6 You, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are certainly not least among the rulers of Judah: because out of you will come a Ruler, Who will shepherd my people, Israel.”
7 Then Herod secretly summoned the Wise Men and found out from them exactly when the star had appeared. 8 He sent them to Bethlehem and said, “Go and search carefully for the Child. When you find Him, report to me, so that I may also go and worship Him.”
9 After listening to the king, they went on their way. Then the star they had seen when it rose went ahead of them, until it stood still over the place where the Child was. 10 When they saw the star, they rejoiced with overwhelming joy. 11 After they went into the house and saw the Child with Mary, His mother, they bowed down and worshipped Him. Then they opened their treasures and offered Him gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. 12 Since they had been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they went back to their own country by another route
The Magi and Their Journey of Faith
After the sermon the Congregation will REMAIN SEATED as
We Offer Our Gifts to the Lord
Our Offerings of Love to our Lord
Offerings will be received this morning through offering plates passed among those who have gathered here for worship.
However, for those viewing this service online, we offer you the following suggestions for providing God with Your thank-offerings through our ministry:
1) You can mail a check (no cash) to the church address (415 N. 6th Place, Lowell, AR 72745)
2) You can also donate on our website: www.gracelutherannwa.com
the Congregation will please rise as the offerings are brought to the altar
We Bring Our Prayers to the Lord
Today’s Special Prayers
Included in our prayers today are:
A Prayer of Intercession for Barbara Strackbein (Peter’s mother)
who remains seriously ill in an Oklahoma City hospital;
and
A Prayer of Thanksgiving for Debbie Terrian, who successfully
went through surgery this past Friday and is home recovering.
The Responsive Prayer
Brothers and sisters in Christ. Let us now pray for everyone who is part of our Lord’s Church here on earth, as well as for all people according to their needs.
Once, O Lord, You led the Magi and brought them into the presence of Christ by the light of a star. Shine the light of Your Word on those still living in spiritual darkness, that they may be brought into Christ’s marvelous light and believe in Him Whom You have sent.
C: Lord, in Your mercy, hear our prayer.
May Your light shine on us and through us in our words and works of faith. Bless the proclamation of Your Word that those who hear may believe, and in believing enjoy eternal life in Your name. Bless our ministry for You here at Grace Lutheran Church. Also bless all our church body’s professors, pastors, teachers, missionaries and church workers across our country and around the world. Through their faithful labors may they produce a harvest of souls, and of righteousness for Your kingdom and for Your glory.
C: Lord, in Your mercy, hear our prayer.
May Your light shine in our world for the correction of error and the promotion of truth and virtue. Bless our President, our Governor and all elected and appointed civil servants at the national, state and local levels. Guide them in the pursuit of justice and peace for all the people. Protect and defend those who protect and defend us against all enemies – especially those in our military and law-enforcement agencies.
C: Lord, in Your mercy, hear our prayer.
May Your light shine upon those whose lives are touched by struggle, sorrow, illness, despair and death. Come to the aid of all those persons who have asked for our prayers and grant them healing, strength, comfort and peace according to Your will. Encourage and support care-givers everywhere and bless all those persons who practice medicine in its varied forms.
C: Lord, in Your mercy, hear our prayer.
May Your light shine upon the new year; teach us to number our days and apply our hearts to that which is good and wise. Receive the talents and abilities we call our own and, as once You received the gifts of the Magi, we pray You to accept the tithes and offerings we bring as signs of our gratitude and faith.
C: Lord, in Your mercy, hear our prayer.
May Your light shine in our hearts that we may humbly come forward in faith before Your altar, and receive to our benefit the spiritual blessings You promise us in the Sacrament of Your Son’s body and blood. Give to this congregation unity of doctrine that nothing may detract from our faithful witness to Your truth.
C: Lord, in Your mercy, hear our prayer.
Finally, may the light of Your love always shine on us and bring forth the fruits of repentance and faithfulness in our daily lives. Give each of us a deep and abiding confidence in Your Word that we may embrace Your holy will without fear, and grow stronger in our faith day by day – until that day when we stand before You and receive the goal of our faith…..everlasting life in heaven. . Hear us and answer us, dear Lord, for we offer this prayer in the name and for the sake of Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, in Whose name we also pray:
Our Father Who art in heaven + Hallowed be Thy name. + Thy Kingdom come. + Thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. + Give us this day our daily bread. + And forgive us our trespasses + as we forgive those who trespass against us. + And lead us not into temptation, + but deliver us from evil. + For Thine is the kingdom + And the power + and the glory + forever and ever. Amen.
Now Dismiss Us, Lord
The Closing Brothers and sisters, now go in peace.
Blessing Live in harmony with one another.
And Serve the Lord in gladness.
The LORD bless you and keep you,
The LORD make His face shine upon you and be gracious unto you,
The LORD look upon you with favor, and grant you His peace. Amen.
The Closing Hymn Hymn 82 “Songs of Thankfulness and Praise
1 Songs of thankfulness and praise, Jesus, Lord, to you we raise,
Manifested by the star To the Magi from afar,
Branch of royal David’s stem, In your birth at Bethlehem.
Anthems be to you addressed, God in man made manifest.
2 Manifest at Jordan’s stream, Prophet, Priest, and King supreme,
And at Cana, Wedding Guest, In your Godhead manifest;
Manifest in pow’r divine, Changing water into wine.
Anthems be to you addressed, God in man made manifest.
3 Manifest in making whole Palsied limbs and fainting soul;
Manifest in valiant fight, Quelling all the devil’s might;
Manifest in gracious will, Ever bringing good from ill.
Anthems be to you addressed, God in man made manifest.
4 Sun and moon shall darkened be; Stars shall fall, the heav’ns shall flee.
Christ will then like lightning shine; All will see his glorious sign.
All will then the trumpet hear; All will see the judge appear.
You by all will be confessed, God in man made manifest.
5 Grant us grace to see you, Lord, Mirrored in your holy Word.
May our lives and all we do Imitate and honor you
That we all like you may be At your great epiphany
And may praise you, ever blest, God in man made manifest.
Silent Prayer
Announcements
Post-Service Music
Announcements
This Coming Week at Grace Lutheran Church
Today Morning Worship, 9:30 a.m.
Fellowship Period, 10:45 a.m.
Youth Confirmation Class, 12:15 to 1:30 p.m.
Tuesday Morning Bible Study, 10:15 a.m.
Church Council Meeting, 6 p.m.
Wednesday Evening Bible Classes, 6 to 7:15 p.m.
Saturday Outreach Calling/Visitation, 11:00 a.m.
Sunday Morning Worship with the Lord’s Supper 9:30 a.m
Fellowship Period, 10:45 a.m.
Sunday School, 11:05 a.m. Bible Class 11:05 a.m.
Youth Confirmation Class, 12:15 to 1:30 p.m.
Last Week At Grace Worship Attendance: 56 Online views: 37
Budgetary Offerings: $4177 Online Offerings: $320
Sunday Bible Class: 26 Tuesday Bible Class: 12
Wednesday Bible Classes: 4 men, 4 women
Serving Us Next Week Elders: John Johnson, Tim Pfortmiller
Altar Guild: Harriet Johnson, Jill Calkins
Fellowship: Mary Karloski
Ushers: Terry Bruns, Tim Huebner, Tom Otto
Birthdays January 08 – Fred Cusanelli January 11 – Debbie Jones;
January 13 – Dale Johannes; January 13 – Macy Roberts
Wednesday Evening Bible Classes Have Resumed this Wednesday evening, January 11t, at 6 p.m. for both women and men. Please join us for this midweek opportunity to study God’s Word and enjoy some good Christian fellowship and encouragement. The women are studying the book of Hosea, while the men are currently studying the topics of Suicide and Euthanasia.
Church Council Meeting THIS TUESDAY (January 10th) at 6 p.m.
The Parables of our Lord
Divine Truths From Real Life Stories
The Role And Interpretation Of Parables
What is a parable?
Definition of a parable
It is…….
– not a fable
– not a myth
– not a proverb
– A parable, by common definition, is an aid for teaching.
Many of us also have learned this definition: “A parable is an earthly story with a heavenly meaning.”
Look up the following Scripture references. In what way were parables effective in the given situations?
* Luke 20:1-19
* 2 Samuel 12:1-8
* Luke 14:25-33
How Jesus Used Parables
Look up Matthew 13:31,32. There’s no explanation of what this short parable means. Why did Jesus often speak in parables rather than simply stating the facts?
- Jesus used parables not to mask the truth, but to cause His hearers to search for it.
- Parables are more interesting than “abstract” theological discussions. They are also easier for people to relate to, and to remember.
- Jesus used parables in discourse with His enemies so that they would have no clear statements from Him to use against Him. Look up Mark 4:10-12.
- For those who were hardened in their refusal to acknowledge the truth of Jesus’ message and identity, parables served to hide the truth from them and act as a judgment against them. Look up Matthew 21:43-46. Who is Jesus addressing here? (see v.23) What is He clearly saying to them? Why did He use a parable to make this point?
The Gospel of John has no parables. Mark has only one that is unique to his book. The majority of our parables, then, come from Luke’s and Matthew’s Gospels. A few are also found in the Old Testament.
The Interpretation Of Parables
The following principles should guide us as we seek to interpret the parables of Jesus:
- The parables are not merely charming little stories about the “way things always are.” They explain ways in which God operates, or ways in which He expects His followers to live for Him. Matthew 13:11 tells us that parables explain certain aspects of the Kingdom of God to us; namely, God’s just and gracious dealings with sinful man. Also, keep in mind the main thought or leading idea of the parable as given by Christ himself, or the context.
- Always pay careful attention to the immediate context of the parable.Parables typically answer a question or address a particular situation that its hearers are facing. What prompted Jesus to speak the parables offered in the following references?
- Luke 7:41-50
- Matthew 12:29
- Luke 10:25-37
- All the features of the parable are subordinate to the leading idea. The interpretation of details must fit the main thrust of the story. Consequently, not every part of a parable needs to be interpreted. Some parts simply supplement the story. The parable itself should be studied along with the context to determine what is the one main point at issue (this is often called the “tertium”). For example in Luke 18:1-8, what might you conclude about God if you focused primarily on the description of the judge? What, however, is clearly the main point of this parable?
- Parables are not to be used to establish doctrine. Parables support other clear doctrinal passages.
- Finally, the interpreter should be familiar with the history, geography, culture and customs of Bible times to properly interpret the parables. Familiarity with Jewish marriage customs, the practice of wine making, the art of farming in ancient Israel, etc. will help us to better understand the parables.
Parables: Divine Truths From Real Life Stories
Section One: The Work And Worth Of The Gospel
(The sower & the seed; the weeds;
the mustard seed and yeast; the hidden treasure/pearl)
Section Two: God’s Great Expectations
(The two debtors; the lost sheep; the unmerciful servant;
the good Samaritan; the tower builder & warring king;
the shrewd manager; the unworthy servants; the 10 minas)
Section Three: By Grace Alone; By Faith Alone
(The searching shepherd/woman/father; the persistent friend;
the pharisee and the publican; the laborers in the vineyard)
Section Four: Preparation For Judgment
(The rich fool; the narrow door; the seats at a wedding feast;
the great banquet; the wedding banquet; the net;
foolish & wise virgins; the tenants)
Section Five: Miscellaneous and Lesser-Known Parables
(The Parable of The Patched Garment And The Wineskins; Children In The Marketplace;
Parables Proving The Person Of Christ; The Empty House; The Owner of the House; Clean and Unclean; Lost Sheep and Dogs; The Yeast of the Pharisees; The Rock and the Keys; The Lamp of the Body;
The Fruitless Fig Tree; The Wise and Foolish Builders)
Section One: The Work and Worth of the Gospel
The Sower, The Seed, And The Soils
(Matthew 13:3-23; Mark 4:2-20; Luke 8:4-15)
To understand this parable, note that farmers in Jesus’ day simply broadcast the seed on untilled ground and then scratched the seed into
the soil with a crude plow. A footpath of soil hardened by foot traffic, often ran around the perimeter of the field.
This parable and others seek to explain the nature of and operation of the “Kingdom of God” or “The Kingdom of Heaven”. What do these passages tell us about God’s kingdom?
- Luke 17:20,21
- John 18:36,37
- Romans 14:17
We define “God’s Kingdom” as his gracious rule in our hearts through his Word.
What four results followed the farmer’s sowing of his field? (Mark 4:2-8)
Read Mark 4:10-12. For Jesus’ enemies, what purpose did these parables serve? What “secret” did the disciples know that enables them to understand the parables?
In verses 13-20, Jesus explains this parable to his disciples. In the first case, Satan takes away the word before it has a chance to sink in. Give examples of how the devil can take the Word away.
In the second case, why would someone “receive it [the Word] with joy, but have no root”? What are some of the issues/things in life that, spiritually-speaking, cause a shallow root system that, in turn, leads to the rather rapid death of a faith that initially seems to thrive?
Agree or Disagree……..A person like this person never had genuine faith in the first place.
In the third case, explain how worries and mixed-up priorities can choke out God’s Word in human hearts.
In the last case, what does Jesus mean when he says that the Word produces different amounts of fruit in people’s lives? Why is it dangerous to assume that all believers should produce the same amount of fruit in their lives?
This parable not only speaks to four types of hearers, but describes each of us individually as well. In what way is that true?
Our mission purpose, as a Christian Church, is to make and maintain disciples of Christ. How does a proper interpretation of this parable help us understand what we are to do?
The Growing Seed (Mark 4:26-29)
On the basis of the previous parable, should we assume that some people are to receive credit for their salvation because they were “good soil” and accepted the Word whereas others rejected it? This parable shows us that the life that comes from a seed of grain, and spiritual life that comes from the seed of God’s Word, are both mysteries.
What warning can we take from this parable when we are tempted to tamper with or dress up God’s Word to make it more appealing to human hearts?
What comfort can we take from this parable as we seek to sow God’s Word in human hearts with sometimes fumbling efforts or little outward “success”?
The Weeds (Matthew 13:24-30; 36-43)
Jesus uses another familiar illustration from the agricultural world. How did Jesus explain this parable? (vv.36-43)
Why is it dangerous to say, “We’re going to get rid of all those people in our congregation who act like unbelievers”?
How does this parable help us to understand and deal with the disturbing fact that there are hypocrites even in Christian congregations?
Often we wonder “why” things in this world are so evil. Verse 28 gives a succinct answer……
The Mustard Seed and the Yeast (Matthew 13:31-35)
The mustard plant here pictured is not the 18 inch plant that grows in our garden. The oriental mustard plant can reach the height of a tree one year from planting (J. Dwight Pentecost, in his book The Parables Of Jesus, claims that he has a picture of a one-year-old mustard tree, 32 feet high!)
Knowing Satan’s opposition to God’s kingdom, an understandable question is “What will become of God’s kingdom if Satan so vigorously seeks to destroy it?” How does this parable answer that question?
The Bible speaks of the Gospel as something considered by many to be “foolishness”, “weak”, and “lowly” (1 Corinthians 1:27,28). For example, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper are regarded by many as mere rituals or symbols. When we speak about these Sacraments as “Means of Grace” through which God powerfully works, we are often met with skepticism and even ridicule. What evidence do we have, however, that these things are not as weak as they seem?
The parable of the Yeast in the dough focuses in on the way in which the Gospel works, which is similar to the working of yeast amid dough. Yeast works internally, and yet its work is all-pervasive and is readily observable.
How does this parable speak to the person who assumes (or presumes), “I can love however I want, as long as I believe”?
The Hidden Treasure And The Pearl of Great Price
(Matthew 13:44,45)
It was not uncommon for people in Bible times to bury part of their wealth as a means of keeping it secure in times of war or political unrest. People in ancient times placed an unusually high value on pearls, similar to how we might value gold, diamonds, or other precious gems today.
Does this parable teach that God’s kingdom is something that we obtain by giving up other things? (See Isaiah 55:1,2)
Does this parable teach us to hoarde the Gospel once we find it? (Mark 16:15)
This parable DOES teach us something about our attitude toward the Gospel. Namely, what?
Section Two: God’s Great Expectations
The Two Debtors (Luke 7:36-50)
The basis for this parable is an incident that occurs during a dinner Jesus attends at the home of a Pharisee named Simon.
What makes you wonder about the sincerity of this man’s invitation to Jesus? And if he did not invite Jesus out of true respect, why did he invite him?
The woman who enters Simon’s home is called “a woman who had lived a sinful life.” She was probably a prostitute. Pharisaic law made being touched by such a woman an act of defilement.
In addition, what kind of rabbi would accept an expensive perfume gift when it was undoubtedly purchased with sin-tainted money!? Why did Jesus allow this sorry, sobbing scandalous human being to even get near him?
What spiritual point does the parable make? What should it particularly have meant to Simon?
It was common hospitality in Eastern cultures to provide water for guest to wash their feet, to greet guests with a polite kiss, and to anoint the guest’s head with oil (considered by most to be an act symbolizing joy and festivity). Not only did Simon neglect to do this, but this sinful woman – in contrast — went beyond what was customary.
Do we ever consider ourselves less in need of forgiveness than others? When? Why?
In what ways do we view certain sinners with disgust? How should we be viewing them?
How would you have reacted to that woman? Would you have been embarrassed? Would you have thought she went overboard? When does showing love for Jesus become excessive? What is easier- To fall short of showing love for Jesus or to go too far?
The Lost Sheep (Matthew 18:10-14)
What was on the disciples’ minds that leads us into chapter 18? (See verse 1) What does this question tell us about their attitude and character?
Verses 10-14 contrast the disciple’s attitude and goals with God’s. The angels who “always see the face of my Father in heaven” rejoice whenever a sinner repents. What is Jesus’ point in this verse?
Contrast the attitude of the heavenly Father in this parable with that of the disciples in verse 1.
How does this parable influence how we look at others? How we look at ourselves? How we approach our ministry as a church and as individuals?
The Unmerciful Servant (Matthew 18:21-35)
Jesus had just finished discussing how to deal with someone who has sinned against us. Peter has a question that seems quite natural, given the preceding conversation. “How many times shall I forgive my brother when he sins against me?”
We need to give Peter credit for the right motives, but the wrong mechanics. Pharisaic law demanded that one forgive two times, or three times if you wanted to exceed the standard. Peter also knew the law of love should prompt a Christian to be more forgiving than that. Even more than twice as forgiving. It seems he was anticipating Jesus to give him an answer somewhere between 3 and 7.
Note that Jesus’ use of the number “seventy times seven” was a Jewish idiom and was understood to mean an innumerable amount.
10,000 talents = millions of dollars
A few hundred denarii = A few dollars
What are some excuses we use to justify being unforgiving?
The parable gives us the reason why we are expected to forgive innumerable times. What is the number one motivating factor that makes the victim of a sin able to forgive the sinner. see Matthew 6:12; Ephesians 4:32; Colossians 3:13
“he and his wife and his children and all that he had be sold . . .” The selling of a debtor who was not able to pay was not unusual in ancient times. “I will pay back everything.” A flat-out lie. Don’t many people think the same thing when it comes to salvation? Good works cannot pay God back for sins in our life.
The Roman Catholic church uses v. 34 as a proof passage for purgatory. Why is that not a legitimate interpretation?
What’s wrong (and dangerous) with this statement? “I just can’t forgive him/her for what he/she has done!”
The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:30-37)
To understand why Jesus spoke this parable, read verses 25-29. Why did this expert in the law ask the question, “And who is my neighbor?” What’s wrong with the lawyer’s question?
Look at Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18. What is emphasized in both passages? Why the emphatic repetition of “all?” What will prompt such love? (See I John 4:1)
In verse 28, the Greek word for “do this” means “keep on doing, never fail, never give up, never slip, never let go.” What is Jesus’ point in telling the lawyer, “Do this and you will live?” (Also, see Galatians 3:21)
Jesus’ parable is His answer to the man’s question. To understand this parable better, we want to note the following:
- A priest was the highest and most repsected religious leader in Israel.
- The Levites were temple workers; both the priest and the Levite therefore could well be considered as model, God-fearing Jews.
- The Samaritans and Jews hated each other; the Jews considered the Samaritans as half-breed low-lifes because they were of mixed blood (Jewish and native Canaanite); Samaritans considered the Jews to be arrogant and overbearing. A Jew would have nothing to do with a Samaritan, and vice versa.
What reasons might that Priest and Levite have for not stopping to help that wounded man? Could their “reasons” be viable, spiritually speaking?
The main point of the parable is stated in verse 36. What is it?
Many misinterpret this parable. They assume that Jesus was teaching us to be kind to people. Acutally, this parable holds no comfort for us at all. Because it convicts us, just as it convicted that expert in the law…………of what?
This account points out sinful man’s wrong assumption that God is satisfied with our keeping common standards of basic, decent behavior. What ARE God’s standards? Can we “Go and do likewise?” If not, how can we have any hope of pleasing God?
In what ways are we, at times, like the Levite and priest? In what ways would you like to be more like the Good Samaritan? How is Jesus the true Good Samaritan?
The Tower Builder And The Warring King (Luke 14:25-35)
This parable leads the crowd following Jesus to consider whether they are willing to pay the price of living in this kingdom as a disciple of Christ.
In what sense does the call to follow Jesus include a call to “hate” even those close to us? How is it a call to “hate” even our own life?
Today, we hear the phrase “a cross to bear” and we think of something difficult we have to live with. However, in Jesus’ day, carrying a cross meant much more. It meant . . . what?
Why is it important to “count the cost” of discipleship?
According to this section of Scripture, who IS qualified to be a disciple? Are you qualified? Justify your response.
The Parable Of The Shrewd Manager (Luke 16:1-13)
After focusing on God’s desire to save sinners, Jesus teaches his disciples how to live in such a way as to show that rescuing souls is their main objective as well.
In Eastern business practice, as long as a manager collected what his owner demanded, he was free to take any added percentage for himself. Therefore, it is possible that even with the discounts the manager offered, he still returned the amount that his owner originally demanded. Regardless, the manager lost out on money that could have been his. About what was the manager most concerned?
Why did the owner “commend” the manager?
There’s no question that dishonesty was involved in this man’s plan. However, that is not the point of Jesus’ parable. Jesus wants to bring attention to the shrewdness of the manager, and for his disciples to take note.
In verse 8, who are the “people of this world?” (see Psalm 17:14) Who are the “people of light?” (see Ephesians 5:8) Why would people of the light want to be shrewd in dealing with people of the world?
You have a neighbor that moves in and you find out he and his family are atheists. What are some ways you can be “shrewd” in dealing with him? What factors will determine how “shrewd” you become?
Agree or Disagree: The manner in which I use my wealth on this earth determines to what degree God will bless me with more. (see 2 Corinthians 9:6)
What is the main point of this parable?
NOTE: Heaven is a gift. It has nothing to do with how we use our money. However, our use of wealth in a God-pleasing way may RESULT in many people being in heaven to welcome us one day.
Unworthy Servants (Luke 17:7-10)
In verses 1-6 of chapter 17, Jesus has just given some examples of the stringent demands of obedience that those who follow Him must follow. When they expressed their intimidation at such high standards, Jesus comforted them by telling them that, though their faith was small, yet because their faith was in him, it was powerful enough to enable them to great things for God!
This short parable, however, speaks to a different concern: the human tendency to judge our faithfulness to God on the basis of how we stack up compared to others. There’s always someone less faithful than we are. Often we are able to find that person in our lives. What does this parable say to us when we start to compare ourselves to others?
What are the evil consequences for me, for others, and for God when I conclude, “you know, compared to most people, I’m a pretty faithful Christian”?
The Ten Minas (Luke 19:11-27)
If someone gave you $l000.00 extra dollars, what would you do with it?
1. Invest it aggressively.
2. Put it in an insured bank account.
3. Stuff it in a mattress because you don’t trust banks.
The setting of this parable is that Jesus and his disciples are nearing Jerusalem on his last journey. Many believed Jesus would now establish His kingdom in Jerusalem. The story of Zacchaeus, just previous to this parable, points out the commitment to Jesus that accompanies a life of faith. Zacchaeus gave half of his possessions to the poor and paid back those he had cheated four-fold. The parable is all about faithfulness. Perhaps Jesus spoke this parable in Zacchaeus’ home.
Who’s the man who went into a far country and promised to return again? Who are the servants? Who are the people who say, “We don’t want you to rule over us?” What’s the distant country? What’s meant by the interval between when the nobleman left and would return?
(Verse 13) a mina was about three months wages. What does the mina that each servant received before the nobleman left in the parable represent? (see John 20:22). It could also be the means of grace God’s servants are to use faithfully until the end of the age. I Tim. 6:20. What are we to do with the mina until Jesus returns again?
In Biblical numerology the number ten, incidentally, consistently represents perfection or completeness.
The faithful servants in the parable showed their faithfulness by investing the money given to them by their master wisely and profitably. How can we show our faithfulness as God’s servants?
Should we expect tangible or visible rewards already now on earth?
What does Jesus mean in verse 26?
Should we be afraid of the Last Day when the Lord calls us to give an account?
Section Three: By Grace Alone…By Faith Alone
The Searching Shepherd, The Searching Woman, The Searching Father (Luke 15:1-32)
What precipitated these three parables? (v. 2)
These parables sharply contrast the attitude of the Pharisees toward sinners with God’s attitude toward sinners. How did a stereotypical Pharisee regard a “sinner”? What do these parable teach us about how GOD regards a sinner?
NOTE: Verse 7 reminds us that God is NOT in the business of rubber-stamping with his seal of approval the self-righteousness of people like the Pharisees. What really pleases him is rescuing repentant sinners. How do these parables challenge how we view ourselves?
List some details from these three parables that indicate the depth of God’s love for us.
Did you ever run away from home? Where did you go? What happened? (Or, Did you ever think of running away from home? Where would you have gone? Why did you change your mind?) Which child were you in your family, the “obedient” one or the “wild” one?
Why do you think the prodigal son decided to leave home?
In those times if a younger son left the family home for one reason or another, the older son was expected to stay at home and take care of the estate. However, the younger son had no right to demand his share of the inheritance when he did. According to Jewish law, the children could not divide the inheritance until after the father’s death. Then the firstborn (oldest) received a “double share” of the estate, and the other children shared the remainder of it (Deuteronomy 21:15-17). The younger son in the parable could have received a considerable amount of money.
What’s meant by the “distant country?” When are we off in a “distant country?” Why didn’t the father stop his son? Why doesn’t God stop us? What kind of pleasures can the world give?
Does God ever abandon someone to their foolishness? Romans 1:24,28.
Do you think that the father was wise to give his son his inheritance when he knew his son would probably blow it?
If the father had a pretty good idea where his son had gone, do you think he should have gone after him?
(Verses 17-19) What does the lost son realize he doesn’t deserve? What’s his only hope when he goes back home? What must we also realize we don’t deserve from God? What’s our only hope also?
Of what can we be sure when we return to our heavenly father? What’s the spiritual counterpart to the “best robe” (verse 22)? See Galatians 3:27; Isaiah.61:10. The ring signified son ship. Sons also wore sandals. Slaves went barefoot.
In the third parable, what flaws do you find in the protest of the older brother to his father’s goodness toward his younger brother? (vv. 28-30)
By temperament and experience, which of the three main characters do you best identify with in this story of the prodigal son/unforgiving brother/waiting father?
Agree or Disagree: Some “lost sons” can appear to be very nice, decent, family loving and church going people?
What’s the only food that nourishes and feeds the soul? What is some “pigs food” the world offers?
The Blind Guides (Matthew 7:3-5; Luke 6:39-42)
This parable is connected to Jesus famous “Sermon On The Mount.” In this sermon Jesus teaches almost the diametric opposite of what the Pharisees taught; namely, that an attitude of humility and mercy are more important than an outward show of righteousness; that sin is not only what one does but what one thinks; that God expects more than reasonably good behavior, that he expects perfection.
Read the parable in verses 39-40 of Luke 6. In what sense were the Pharisees “blind” leaders?
What does Jesus indicate as the consequences of such blind leadership?
Read verses 41,42. Then read Luke 6:1-10. How did the Pharisees prove themselves guilty of the sin this parable reveals? What was the plank in the Pharisees’ eye? Let’s apply this parable to ourselves. Should we ever point out sin in the life of a fellow Christian? (See 6:37) If so, what should be our attitude in doing so and our goal?
The Persistent Friend (Luke 11:1-10)
This entire section has to do with prayer. What would prompt the disciples to request “Lord, teach us to pray”? What’s so difficult about praying?
Verses 2-4 describe the nature of God-pleasing prayer. God-pleasing prayer will reflect that our greatest concern is God’s glory and his kingdom (gracious ruling) in the hearts of people, that spiritual matters are most important, that we are dependant on God for everything from basic physical needs to forgiveness to help in any trouble.
Verses 5-8 is a parable which makes what point about HOW we are to pray?
(This parable should remind us not to go too far in interpreting every detail of parables. For instance, we shouldn’t assume that God is like the man in the parable, answering our prayers merely because we keep bothering him.
Verse 9,10 should be an encouragement to us; however, what do you make of the claim that some make based on these words, that, if you really believe, God will answer all of your prayers?
Verses 11-13 are an argument from a lesser point to a greater. What is the point?
What is the greatest gift we can ask for?
The Persistent Widow (Luke 18:1-8)
The purpose of this parable is in Luke 18:1. What is the purpose? Why do we need this parable?
There is an argument from the lesser to the greater from this parable. If even an unjust judge grants justice after much pleading, then certainly . . . what?
Is Jesus’ last statement in v. 8 a warning for the disciples or about the world they live in? Be prepared to defend your answer. What does verse 8 say to us?
The Pharisee And The Tax Collector (Luke 18:9-14)
When you were in high school, what did it take to be with the “in” crowd? What was a guaranteed way to be out?
What is the purpose of this parable? (verse 9)
(Verse 11) Was the Pharisee really thanking God?
God prescribed only 1 day of fasting a year, the Day of Atonement. Lev. l6:29,31 Later the Jews observed four official days of fasting. The Pharisees fasted each Monday and Thursday, the days tradition says Moses ascended and descended Mt. Sinai. The Jews also weren’t commanded to give a tenth of everything. Small herbs, for example, were exempted.
Comment on the body language of the tax collector.
(Verse 14) justified = not condemned, innocent, fully forgiven, free and rid of all guilt and punishment, accepted and beloved to God. On what basis does God pronounce this verdict? Why was the Pharisee not justified?
What’s meant by “universal justification?” When did it take place? What’s meant by “personal justification?” When did it take place? Why is universal justification of such comfort to the penitent sinner?
Agree or Disagree: Even today the Pharisee and the tax collector go to the temple to pray.
How can religious feelings be deceiving? To what must we compare ourselves to get a true picture of ourselves?
How is this parable a comfort? How is it a warning?
The Laborers In The Vineyard (Matthew 20:1-16)
The basis for this parable is Peter’s question in 19:27. Peter was curious about the reward he could expect as someone who had left everything to follow Jesus. What does this parable say to those who serve God because they want to get a bigger reward than everybody else?
This parable forces us to ask, “Why do I serve God?” It also forces us to ask whether we feel a “new” Christian has the same rights as we do in the congregation? How does this parable respond to both of those concerns?
Section Four: Preparation for Judgment
The Parable Of The Rich Fool (Luke 12:13-21)
According to Jewish law, the eldest son received a double inheritance, with the provision he subsequently must support his mother and (any) unmarried sisters.
The man in our text seems to make a rather simple request of Jesus. Describe Jesus’ response and what flaw he points out in the man’s question…and heart.
What does Jesus mean in verse 15 by the term “a man’s life?”
There are hints regarding the attitude problem this man had. How did he get his crop? (pay careful attention to the wording in verse 16)
Does this parable say that it is wrong to plan ahead for the future? (See James 4:13-15) Is it right to put money away in a life insurance policy or a retirement account or even to have a savings account?
Pay careful attention to the wording he uses when he talks about material possessions. What do you notice that indicates just what was the problem with this rich man’s view of life? (See also Psalm 39:6; Psalm 49:10; Eccl. 2:18,21)
Why did God call him a “fool” in verse 20?
Agree or Disagree: To possess wealth gives a person a false sense of security
Aside from material wealth, what other earthly matters might give one a false sense of security?
What does it mean to be “rich toward God”? And how does one do that?
Where are your riches? What are three chief priorities for your life right now? How would you like to be remembered?
Where would you like to leave your riches?
The Net (Matthew 13:47-50)
The normal way to fish on the Sea of Galilee was to simply drag a net through the water. The net, of course, would collect both edible and inedible fish. Take note that Jesus is speaking this parable from a location near the Sea of Galilee, where the people may been able to see fisherman out on the water and plying their trade.
It is impossible to determine how many “keepers” there are in a net bulging with fish, simply by looking at the net. What lesson do we learn from this parable about the nature of the kingdom of heaven?
How does this parable serve as a warning to us?
Define the “wicked” and the “righteous” (See Romans 3:20-23)
Many today do not believe in the traditional understanding of hell as a place of fiery punishment. Verse 50 makes the nature of hell very clear.
The “gnashing of teeth” is symbolic of anger and frustration. Why are the inhabitants of hell frustrated and angry?
The Narrow Door (Luke 13:22-30)
In what respect is the door to heaven a narrow door?
The people outside the house claim to be acquainted with Jesus. Why does God deny knowing them?
If it is “evildoers” (v.27) who will be shut out of heaven, how can you or I stand a chance?
In verse 28, the “weeping” refers to sorrow and the “gnashing of teeth” refers to anger. Why will people shut outside of heaven grieve and be angry?
In verse 30, what was the message for the Jews of Jesus’ day? What is the message for us today?
The Seats At The Wedding Feast (Luke 14:7-11)
The feast Jesus was attending was also attended by Pharisees and teachers of the law. In what way was their behavior at this feast (grabbing the best seats) indicative of their spiritual attitudes?
What did Jesus’ specifically mean in his statement in verse 11? Think of some situations when we need to remember these words.The Great Banquet (Luke 14:15-24)
One of the guests at this banquet expresses his feelings about the blessedness of sharing in that future feast in the kingdom of God. The parable Jesus speaks directs that man’s attention AWAY from how wonderful heaven will be to whether he is willing, RIGHT NOW, to accept the invitation.
Who embodies God’s invitation to his heavenly feast? And how does one therefore reject God’s invitation to his kingdom?
The people in the parable had seemingly legitimate obligations in other matters. Why, then, are these people excluded from the feast and their “reasons” for not accepting the invitation called “excuses” (v. 18)?
This parable is all about priorities . . . in what sense?
What are some excuses humans use today for rejecting God’s invitation to his kingdom?
The Two Sons (Matthew 21:28-32)
This parable was spoken right in the temple courtyard before the chief priests and elders during the week of Jesus’ death. His words are blunt.
How were the tax collectors and prostitutes like the first son? How were the Pharisees and teachers of the law like the second son?
There is a difference between claiming obedience and actually obeying. What command from the Father were the religious leaders simply unwilling to obey (though they calimed to be truely obedient to God)?
Comment on this statement: “Oh, I’m sure she went to heaven. She was very religious.”
The Parable Of The Tenants (Matthew 21:33-44)
Note that the situation is the same as that surrounding the parable above.
Who or what is . . .1) The landowner 2) The tenants 3) The servants 4) The son 5) The vineyard 6) The expected fruit 7) The other tenants 8) Harvest time?
Note how the parables are very direct and obvious in meaning to confront the religious leaders with their obstinate refusal to accept the truth of Jesus Christ.
What does verse 44 mean?
Ready And Waiting Servants (Luke 12:35-48)
In verses 35-40, Jesus speaks of being prepared for his second coming. In the first illustraation of servants waiting for their master to return home, what highly unusual thing does the master do for his faithful servants? What does this tell us about the nature of our Savior?
The second illustration pictures Jesus’ coming like a thief breaking into a house. Why?
The parable in verses 42-46 reminds us that there is a temptation all of us face until Jesus returns. What is that temptation? In what ways do we emulate that unfaithful servant?
The final verses, 47-48, remind us that the privilege we have been given to know the Savior and his word so well comes an important responsibility; namely, what?
NOTE: Scripture does teach clearly that there will be different degrees of punishment in hell.
The Wedding Banquet (Matthew 22:1-14)
According to Jewish custom, when a couple was betrothed, an announcement was sent out regarding the impending marriage, which usually took place around one year later. This parable speaks about the subsequent personal invitations given shortly before the wedding.
The wedding clothes were special garments that guests were expected to wear to show their joy at the event being celebrated. Not wearing those garments was an insult.
Apply this parable to God’s dealings with Israel, focusing in on these details in the parable:
1. The repeated invitations
2. The apathetic and even hostile response
3. The subsequent invitation to anyone on the street
4. The importance of wedding clothing
What tendancies do we have that make this parable an apt warning for us?
In what way does this parable glorify God’s grace?
How does this parable help us to answer the charge: “I can’t believe a loving God would actually send people to hell.”
The Ten Virgins (Matthew 25:1-13)
Bridegrooms would walk in a festive procession from the home of the bride to the groom’s home. Guests could join the procession as it went along or greet the groom at his home. It was necessary, however, that the guests have lighted lamps. Each lamp would serve to further illuminate the home or banquet hall, and provide a bright and joyful atmosphere for the celebration.
Why did 5 of the 10 virgins fail to meet the groom? Whose fault was it? Why?
Verse 13 states the point of this parable. What is it?
What can lead us to not be prepared to meet Jesus when he returns?
Section Five: Miscellaneous Parables
The Parable of The Patched Garment And The Wineskins
(Matthew 9:16,17; Mark 2:21,22; Luke 5:36-39)
Jesus has been baptized by John, thereby authenticating the ministry of John as well as giving public witness of his identity as God’s Son and chosen Messiah. He has returned from the wilderness to Galilee and chosen his disciples. He has worked his first miracle (turning water into wine) in Cana of Galilee. He has returned to Jerusalem for the Passover. He has made his way back to Galilee, where he has set up headquarters at Capernaum. He has gone throughout the region proclaiming the good news of the kingdom of God and healing many sick and demon-possessed people.
He has been ministering publicly long enough for the Pharisees and Teachers of the Law to become familiar with him and his message and to form some opinions about him. What do the following references tell you about the doctrine and practice of these religious leaders?
- Matthew 6:5
- Matthew 6:16-18
- Luke 11:37-54
- Luke 16:14
Is Jesus a friend or foe to them? Why?
- John 1:13-22
- Luke 5:17-26
- Luke 5:27-32
Read Luke 5:33-39 in light of the last two references from Luke 5 we just studied. This was obviously not an honest question. It was meant to discredit Jesus. What did the question imply about Jesus and his disciples?
The Pharisees assumed that fasting won brownie points with God. Jesus answer implies that fasting isn’t a deed that impresses God. It is a sign of sorrow. When Jesus said his disciples shouldn’t fast in sorrow, because the bridegroom was with them, what was he claiming about himself?
The parable Jesus then speaks about the garment is designed to lead the Pharisees to conclude that their teaching doesn’t match Jesus’ teaching. Explain the difference and how the parable illustrates the incompatibility of the two.
The parable of the wineskins indicates that it is impossible to package Jesus’ message in the structure of Old Testament Law. Explain how the parable illustrates that and why the point of the parable is true.
This parable has to do with mixing up the Law and the Gospel. How do the following examples illustrate an improper use of Law and Gospel?
All you have to do to get to heaven is believe in Jesus and live a good life.
We really feel good about our church! We’re growing by leaps and bounds, we always have something going for every age group, and people say that we’re the friendliest group around!
No Christian who appreciates what Jesus did for them would EVER have done what you did! Does Jesus’ death for you mean ANYTHING to you at all?
The Ten Commandments are a real comfort to me because they keep me on track in my walk with God.
Children In The Marketplace (Matthew 11:16-19; Luke 7:29-35)
This parable is directed to the Pharisees and experts in the law. How did these people regard John’s ministry? (See Luke 7:29,30) What did they think of Jesus? (See notes on the parable of the Wineskins)
Jesus compares the religious leaders of his day to children at play. In verse 32, what are we told about the way that children act when it comes to choosing what to play.
How did the religious leaders also act this way? (See vv. 33,34). In verses 33 and 34, what are we told about the different nature of John’s
and Jesus’ ministry?
Our sinful nature also resists both the Law and the Gospel. List some examples.
Parables Proving The Person Of Christ (Matthew 12:22-30; Mark 3:22-27)
What precipitated the parable-based teaching of this section? (See vv 22-24)
List the arguments Jesus uses to show how ridiculous and simple-minded the accusation that Jesus is driving demons out by the power of the devil is. (v26-29)
What conclusion, arising from Jesus’ obviously real and God-given miracle-working power, did the Pharisees not want to accept? Why not?
Many today want to find some reason to dismiss anything about Jesus that points to his divine nature. Why is it simple-minded for someone to think he can separate Jesus from his miracles and end up with “Jesus, the great humanitarian-teacher”?
The Empty House (Matthew 12:43-45)
What leads to Jesus’ words in this section? Read 12:38. The current religious leaders again show their absolute ridiculousness when they ask Jesus for a sign that will prove he is the Messiah sent from God. Why in the world would they need a sign, given all the miracles Jesus had already performed!? Their request merely betrays their refusal to accept the truth that had already been made clear.
Read the parable. It speaks about a demon-possessed man who enjoyed freedom from demon possession for a while, but in the end was possessed by seven demons rather than merely one.
Many Israelites who had rejected God repented when John the Baptist brought his message to Israel and pointed them to the Messiah, Jesus. But many of those baptized by John later rejected Jesus and so their fate was worse at the end.
What warning can we take from this parable?
How does this parable move us to reach out more energetically to our fallen-away friends and relatives?
The Owner Of The House (Matthew 13:51,52)
In order for the teachers of the law to give their listeners the full revelation of God, they first had to be instructed in the kingdom of heaven themselves. What did they need to learn about the kingdom of heaven? (Matthew 3:1-3)
What are the old treasures? What are the new treasures?
Christian teaching is more than just a matter of imparting knowledge or facts; it’s sharing treasures! List some of the treasures that Christian teachers (such as parents, Sunday School teachers, and every Christian witness) are privileged to share.
Clean And Unclean (Matthew 15:1-20)
Since the time of the return from the Baylonian Capitivity, the teachers of the law had added additional regulations and laws to the Mosaic Law. Two of those “traditions of the elders”, as they were called, are mentioned in the opening verses. One is the practice of ceremonial washing before meals, and the other is the practice of dedicating something as a special gift to God.
In their effort to keep the man-made traditions of the Elders, the Pharisees and Teachers of the Law ended up breaking God’s clear commands. How does Jesus illustrate that? How do the Isaiah passages support Jesus’ accusation?
Read 15:10,11 and then 15:15-20 for the explanation of this parable.
Our sin and our need for a savior is more serious if we view sin as a matter of the heart and rather than as a matter of one’s life. Why is
that?
NOTE: This was a theme Jesus hit again and again in his discussions with the Pharisees and Teachers of the Law. Without a true understanding of sin, there isn’t much need for a Savior.
Read 15:12-14 Jesus here tells his disciples why they shouldn’t be surprised if the Pharisees were offended by Jesus’ words, nor should they let the Pharisees intimidate them as men who seem to be in control.
Lost Sheep And Dogs (Matthew 15:21-28)
Jesus’ ministry was conducted primarily for the benefit of God’s people, the Jews. Jesus’ mission was conducted for all people. Jesus’ is referring only to his ministry in verse 24.
In Jesus’ statement in verse26, who are the children? What is the bread? Who are the dogs?
In the woman’s reply, what was she saying to Jesus? How would you describe this woman’s faith?
Jesus didn’t help her right away; in fact he seemed to ignore her and then cut her down. Why did he deal with her in this manner?
The Yeast Of The Pharisees And Sadducees (Matthew 16:5-12)
The point of this parable is obvious and extremely important. The false teaching of the religious leaders was like yeast- it influenced a person’s entire thinking and life.
Note what had happened leading up to this parable. The religious leaders had asked Jesus for a sign to prove he was the Messiah. That doesn’t seem so bad, does it? How did this request, however, give evidence of their false beliefs and teaching?
One of Satan’s biggest lies is that a little false teaching is no big deal. A little false teaching can lead to toleration or acceptance of more false teaching and ultimately destroy one’s faith and eternal future.
The Rock And The Keys (Matthew 16:13-19)
The Roman Catholic Church states that this reference is Scriptural evidence that Christ chose Peter to be the first pope, and that all
successors of Peter have the headship of the church that Christ entrusted to Peter.
However, while Jesus DID change Simon’s name to Peter, which means “rock” because of his rock-solid confession of who Jesus was, Jesus was NOT referring to Peter when he said, “On this rock I will build my church.” The Greek word for “rock” in that phrase is of the feminine gender, and therefore cannot refer to Peter (masculine gender); it must refer to Peter’s confession of Jesus as the Christ and Son of God.
What are the keys Jesus speaks of? (See John 20:23)
The Lamp Of The Body (Luke 11:33-36)
Earlier in this chapter Jesus drove a demon out of a man and some concluded this miracle was accomplished through the power of Satan.
Others demanded that Jesus prove he was really God by a “sign” from heaven.
This parable shows that the problem for those who would not accept Jesus is NOT that there isn’t enough evidence. How does verse 33 point that out (if the lamp is Jesus)?
In verse 34, the eyes are “faith”, what is Jesus saying to those who refused to accept him as God and Savior?
In verses 35 and 36, what is Jesus saying about the person who truly believes in him?
This parable should be a good reminder to us that some people simply don’t WANT to believe, though they may claim that the evidence for Christianity isn’t compelling enough.
How does this understanding actually help us when we witness our faith to others?
NOTE: One year away from his death, Jesus begins now to use much clearer language. Consider what he says in the rest of this chapter.
The Fruitless Fig Tree (Luke 13:1-9)
This parable was spoken by Jesus in response to a question that has always plagued mankind. Why does tragedy strike some and not others? Jesus doesn’t answer that question. Rather, he addresses the attitude of those who asked it.
Rather than being concerned about whether somebody else was under God’s judgment, what should they be concerned about?
In verses 6-9, who is the vineyard owner, the vineyard tender, and the fig tree.
What is the point of the parable . . . about God? about stubborn Israel?
The Wise And Foolish Builders (Matthew 7:24-29; Luke 6:46-49)
Multitudes had been attracted to Jesus and his teaching. Many were amazed that he spoke with authority that even the Teachers of the Law did not have. But fascination with Jesus is not the same as faith in Jesus.
How does the parable in Luke 6:43-49 make that point? In what sense are we all builders? What is the rock foundation? What are the consequences of building or not building on the rock?
In what ways do we call Jesus “Lord” but live as if we are the lords of our lives?